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THE WORLD OF ISLAM
ISLAM=SUBMISSION TO GOD
610 C. E.
COPY GOLD
AND RED
ARABIAN
PENINSULA
ASIA
AFRICA
INDIA
TIMELINE (CUT/GLUE)
• About C. E. 570 Mohammed is born in
Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula.
• About C.E. 610 Muslims believe that
Mohammed had a vision in which he was
told to preach Islam.
• About C. E. 622 Mohammed led his
followers to Medina because Mecca was
too dangerous. This is known as the
hijrah
IRAQ
IRAN
TIMELINE
• B. C. 632 Mohammed dies and his followers
selected a new leader, Abu Baker, his
father-in-law.
• 661 Umayyads rule. New caliphs called
Umayyads expanded Muslim rule farther
into Asia and Africa.
• 750-Abbasid Dynasty. Shia Muslims rebelled
against the Umayyads because Arab Muslims
were treated better than non-Arabs.
TIMELINE
• 1258-Mongols invaded the Islamic Arab
Empire and burned Baghdad, conquering
the empire.
• Three Muslim empires were established in
Asia during the 1500s: Ottoman, Safavid,
and Mogul.
LABEL/COLOR
YOU NEED BLUE
Neatly, label the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf,
the Arabian Sea, and lightly color those bodies
of water blue.
PASTE ONLY ALONG SIDE
CLIP
WHERE IS IT LOCATED?
UNDERNEATH FLAP
• The Arabian Peninsula is located between
the Red Sea & The Persian Gulf.
DESCRIBE THE PHYSICAL FEATURES
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Very dry plains & deserts
Very hot summers
Water in scattered springs & oases
Mountains & valleys in southwestern
region
HOW DID THE GEOGRAPHY ISOLATE ARABIA?
• Long distances & severe climate
kept invaders out.
WATCH 12.1 “THE MIDDLE EAST”
DESERTS AND NOMADS
HOW DID THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
SHAPE LIFE THERE?
• Tribes adopted a nomadic life with herds of
sheep and goats traveling from oasis to
oasis in caravans trading.
• They were called Bedouins.
• Oasis=a green area in a desert fed by
underground water.
• Caravan=group of traveling merchants &
animals
• Some Bedouins settled down in the oases and
farmed date palm trees which offered shade,
food and materials for shelter.
TRADE CENTERS DEVELOPED
• First: Arab tribes settled around oases or
in fertile mountain valleys.
• Later: Merchants traveled to oases
markets to rest or trade.
• Finally: Arab merchants built towns along
the trade routes.
• Trade centers also grew up around the few
natural harbors along the Red Sea and the
Persian Gulf. Why?
• Some people came from as far away as East
Africa and India to trade goods.
IRAQ
IRAN
WATCH “MUHAMMAD AND THE BEGINNINGS OF ISLAM”
12.1 EXPLORE 3
READ “THE REVELATIONS AND TEACHINGS OF MUHAMMAD”
ASSIGNMENT: COMPARE/CONTRAST ISLAM & CHRISTIANITY
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM CUT/GLUE
Write short definition below label on half circle.
I. Faith=One God, Allah; Muhammad, prophet.
II. Prayer=5 times each day.
III.Charity=Help others.
IV.Fasting=Fast during Ramadan.
V. Pilgrimage=Journey to Mecca.
CAREFULLY CUT OUT THE FOLDABLE
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fold the flap towards center of the pentagon.
Draw a simple picture to go with the pillar.
Fold the flap over.
Glue into notebook: use little glue!!!
WATCH “FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM ON EXPLORE 6- 12.1
KAABA
REACTION AND RESISTANCE
• Elite disliked Muhammad telling people to worship
only one god, not many at the Kaaba.
• Merchants relied on the trade from pilgrims
visiting the Kaaba.
• They didn’t want to share their wealth (3 rd pillar)
• In 630, Muhammad and his followers threw the
idols out of the Kaaba, rededicated it to Allah, and
forgave his enemies.
A HOLY BOOK & GUIDES TO FOLLOW
WATCH “THE QURAN” EXPLORE 7-12.1
VOCABULARY
Jihad=to struggle (fight to protect themselves or
to right a wrong)
*fasting at school with non-fasting people
*rising early when you’d like to sleep in
*listening to your parents
*working hard at your job
Mosque=Muslim house of worship
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Minaret=tower of mosque for calling to prayer
Imam=Leader of mosque
Shari’ah Law=Islamic code of law (Muslims are
expected to practice honesty and justice in dealing
with others and are forbidden to gamble, eat pork,
drink alcohol, or engage in dishonest behavior)
Quran=Islamic holy book of revelations
(messages from Allah, God)
Kaaba=Sacred building in Mecca where pilgrims
must walk around the cubed shaped building
seven times in a counterclockwise direction.
Sacred black stone inside.
632 C. E. MUHAMMAD DIES
THE FIRST CALIPHS (NOTES)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fold on the dotted line.
Glue behind “The First Caliphs.”
Clip each section.
Notes underneath (next slide)
WHY DID THE MUSLIMS CHOOSE A CALIPH?
Mohammed died without choosing a leader
WHO WERE THE FIRST CALIPHS?
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Close friends or relatives of Mohammed
Abu Bakr, his father-in-law, was first
Sunnis believe he is the rightful leader
He tried to unite the ex-Muslims
WHAT DID THE CALIPHS ACHIEVE?
• Protected and spread Islam
• Conquered Jerusalem, Iraq, Syria, Palestine,
Egypt, and Mesopotamia
• Conquered Jews and Christians were allowed
to continue their own worship if they paid
tribute.
WHO WERE THE UMAYYADS?
• Governed Arab Empire from 661-750
• Supported by Sunni
EXPANSION OF ISLAM
COMPARE/CONTRAST
SUNNI VS SHIA
1. Notes first
2. Cut/glue last
A SPLIT DEVELOPS
BETWEEN SHI’A AND SUNNI MUSLIMS
Shi’a Muslims
Sunni Muslims
• Leader should be direct
descendant of
Muhammad, cousin Ali
• Leader represents God
• Infallible
• Leader interprets Quran
• Majority of Muslims
• Should be elected
• Abu Bakr, father of
Muhammad's wife
• Approach God directly
• 15% of Muslims
SIMILARITIES
Same God, Allah
Same holy book, the Quran
5 Pillars
Same holy cities
Same Sabbath, Friday
SHIA MUSLIMS REBEL AGAINST UMAYYAD DYNASTY
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Why?
Many non-Arabs were angry because Arabs had
the best jobs & paid lower taxes.
Many Muslims felt that they had placed the
acquisition of wealth and power above their
duties as leaders of Islam.
They invited the Umayyad leaders to a meeting
and murdered all but one of them.
Abbasid Empire begins
HOW DID THE ABBASIDS BUILD A POWERFUL EMPIRE?
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Built a huge standing army
Included all people in government
Why?
To make sure that the most talented people
would be involved in running the empire,
and to decrease resentment against
Muslims
WHAT CULTURAL ADVANCES WERE MADE BY THE ABBASIDS?
• Calligraphy
• Developments in bookmaking (learned how
to make paper)
• Advances in math, astronomy, and medicine
FALL OF ABBASID DYNASTY
• Mongols invaded its capital, Baghdad, in 1258.
• The Mongols burned Baghdad, destroyed its library
and killed its caliph.
12.2 WATCH EXPLORE 7
“THE CRUSADES”
• Christian armies retook lands captured by
Islamic Empire, especially Jerusalem.
• Many Jews, Muslims, and Eastern Orthodox
Christians were killed.
MUSLIM SOCIETY (CUT/GLUE)
FOLD, GLUE, CLIP, NOTES
• Who held the most power?
*Government leaders, landowners, & wealthy
merchants
• Who were enslaved? What rights did they have?
*Prisoners of war. Rights: mothers & children
stayed together, treated as humans
• What work did men do?
*Ran government, society, & business
• What work and rights did women have?
*Managed households, allowed to own property, inherit,
invest in trade, education, divorce
MUSLIM ACHIEVEMENTS
Watch 12.3 Explore 8
3 films
FOLD/CUT/GLUE/NOTES
• ASTRONOMY
*mathematical models of universe
*described sun’s eclipses
*proved moon affects ocean tides
*better astrolabe (navigation by sun/stars)
CHEMISTRY
• Labeled substances animal, vegetable, or mineral
• Discovered medicinal herbs
MATHEMATICS
• Invented algebra
• Passed on Arabic numerals
MEDICINE
• Advanced practices of diagnosis, cure, and
prevention of diseases
LITERATURE
• The Arabian Nights (about Aladdin)
• Rubaiyat-one of finest poems ever written
• “Be happy for this moment. This moment is
your life.”