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Name: _____________________________ The Spread of Islam Study Guide The Pillars of Islam Muezzin- A special person trained to call others to prayer. Koran- A holy book for Muslims. The Five Pillars of Islam: 1. Faith- Allah is the only God 2. Prayer 5 times a day 3. Concern for the Poor and Needy 4. Fasting during Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca Allah- The Arabic word for “God” Muhammad Clan- A number of families claiming the same ancestor. Muhammad- The main prophet of Islam. Messenger of Allah. The Hegira- Muhammad’s escape to Medina. The Muslim calendar begins with this year of this event. Friday- The Day Muslims choose as their holy day. The Spread of Islam Caliphs- Muhammad’s first successors. The Islamic empire was ahead of Europe in the field of medicine. The Crusades Pope Urban II- Urged Christians to free the shrines of the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Ottoman Turks succeeded in capturing Constantinople. Other Vocabulary to Know: Avicenna- doctor, philosopher, and mathematician Mecca- Islam’s most sacred city Medina- city to which Muhammad fled Ramadan- month during which Muslims fast