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Art and Culture 1450-1670 What the Renaissance was Not “The essence of the Renaissance lay not in any sudden rediscovery of classical civilization but rather in the use which was made of classical models to test the authority underlying conventional taste and wisdom” - Europe, by Norman Davies Renaissance c.1350-1670 A period from the early 1300’s to roughly 1600 when there was a renewed interest in history literature and art. Renaissance = “Rebirth” Europe’s economic recovery Renewed study of ancient Greece and Rome The Renaissance The term is used to describe a MOBILIZATION OF IDEAS which is primarily ARTISTIC LITERARY CULTURAL The Renaissance as an “INTELLECTUAL” reality, not as a “PHYSICAL” one Why Italy? Revival of commerce and town building was more intense in Italy Cities were industrial power houses Trade - Venice & Genoa Feudalism had less on a grip in Italy Presence of antiquity was stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europe Why Florence? One of the wealthiest places in Italy Trade route Manufacture of woolen cloth Dyed with Alum Monopoly given to the de Medici's The de Medici's The de Medici's - Cosimo 1389-1464 Represented the Medici bank Managed the papacy's finances & became the wealthiest man of his time Never held office but controlled Florence through his wealth Hugely important patron of Renaissance art https://www.youtube.com/ watch? The de Medici's - Lorenzo Lorenzo the Magnificent - 1449-1492 Regime was "that of a benevolent tyrant in a constitutional republic" The Pazzi conspiracy Loss of resources - focus on power Patron of the arts Son became pope https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=fQGBUXJ07aw Girolamo Savonarola 1452-1498 Christian preacher, reformer and martyr. Spoke in prophecies Thought humanistic paganism corrupted manners, art, poetry, religion. Cause of corruption of the highest levels of clergy Spoke out against the Medici After death of Lorenzo he was the sole leader of Florence and set up a democratic government https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=KE1e7Y4CdtQ https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=_IOPlGPQPuM Filippo Brunelleschi The Duomo and Santa Croce How is this representative of the Renaissance? Changes in Artwork During the Middle Ages, art & learning were centered on the church and religion By the 14th C people became more interested in thinking about themselves, their surroundings and everyday life • • • • 1360-5 Halos Hieratic Scale Gold Background Madonna and Child in Glory Miraculous mass of St. Martin of Tours (Franconian School) • 1440 Madonna and Child with St. John • 1523/1525 • Use of Oil Paint • Landscape Adoration of the Shepherds 1510 Giovanni Agostino da Lodi The Adoration of the Magi • Perspective The Bean Eater 1582 Latest Work we examined Middle Ages or Renaissance? You determine https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=6HZ5V9rT96M Michelangelo Pieta Michelangelo David Michelangelo Sistine Chapel Creation of Adam Leonardo Da Vinci Raphael School of Athens Raphael Transfiguration Donatello Did the Renaissance Exist? Yes or No? Humanism Emphasized the dignity and worth of the individual People are rational beings who possess within themselves the capacity for truth and goodness Emphasized the value of the Greek and Latin classics for their own sake, rather than for their relevance to Christianity Collection and translation of classical manuscripts Inspired by Plato (Aristotle inspired medieval scholarship) Centered around education Attempted to develop the character and intelligence of pupils by a general literary study of the ancient classics Humanism Salutati Man is responsible for his good or bad deeds God does not control a man’s will or morality It is better to benefit others by living an active public life than to live as a monk, which does not benefit anyone other than the monk -Rejected medieval view of humanity and focused on the goodness of mankind Humanism Bruni Medieval values of piety, humility, and poverty not important Pagan elements introduced into Christian culture Renaissance Writers Characteristics of Renaissance Writing An interest in the nature of this life Rediscovery of Greco-Roman culture – art of imitation Discovery of the Americas – spirit of exploration Interest in the world Urban influences Tendency toward perfection Celebrating individuality Excitement and variety of contemporary life Bringing unknown settings to life Read your primary source & state how it is an example of Renaissance Writing *Hint* Look at characteristics When done, go around the classroom asking students to explain their examples and fill out your chart. William Byrd English Composer Listen while you work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXeT2HWpwc4 Desiderius Erasmus Dutch humanist The Praise of Folly Beginnings of the Protestant reformation Protestant reformation & Catholic counter reformation Remained Catholic but exposed the abuses of the church Sir Thomas More English humanist Wrote Utopia Social satire Fictional island Became lord chancellor of England Executed by Henry VIII when he did not sign document to recognize Henry as head of the church in England Influence of Machiavelli’s The Prince https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IG BKu6qM7Y