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Study Guide for Quiz 2 Greece Rome Culture: ▫ The “Classical Age” was this Athenian generation, 5th Century BC ▫ Greek culture manifested itself in: ▫ Art & architecture ▫ Customs and laws ▫ God-system, theatre, literature and Myth ▫ Greeks, obsessed with beauty as defined through ▫ Scale, proportion, balance, color ▫ Mathematics, rules and function ▫ Axioms: “Know thyself”, and “nothing in excess” Culture: ▫ Much of Rome’s culture had its origins in Ancient Greece ▫ Rome adopted the orders and added the Compo‐ site (larger, combining the Ionic & Corinthian) ▫ The Romans were outward‐looking seeking to conquer the World ▫ Mythically, Ramos and Romulus were saved by a she‐wolf and founded Rome Architecture: ▫ The Greek Orders were developed, an order meaning a building’s base, column style and diameter, entablature and pediment (roof) ▫ The Orders include: Doric, Ionic & Corinthian ▫ Delphi was host to the God Apollo and the Oracle, getting its name from the dolphin Apollo transformed into to save the people at sea ▫ Architectural refinement manifested itself on the Acropolis where they built the Parthenon, Erechtheum, and Propylaea ▫ Pericles was the elected leader of Greece during this period, called the golden or “Hellenistic” age ▫ Parthenon (Doric) was a web of mathematical optical corrections named for Athena Parthenos, who fought Poseidon for Athens ▫ Erechtheum was a smaller, detailed Ionic temple that used “Caryatid” columns (women in repose) to hold the south porch roof ▫ The primary architects were Ictinus, Callicrates and Mnesicles, while Phidias was the master sculptor in charge of art program Detail: ▫ Greek Mythology and Gods underpin all architectural development ▫ The Greeks were inward-looking people who saw the rest of the world as barbaric ▫ Ancient Greece was a maritime, sea-faring culture that was a collection of city-states unified for the greater purpose ▫ Skill and craft of work was a reaction to their quest for beauty and perfection ▫ The architecture was actually very colorful, the entablature and pediments often painted with primary colors Architecture: ▫ Roman architecture advanced engineering ▫ Scale and large spa al enclosure showed Roman power ▫ The Romans brought the temple down into the streetscape ▫ Concrete was an inven on of the Roman Empire ▫ Roman architecture developed the “engaged col‐ umn” ▫ Emperors constructed “triumphal arches” ▫ Hadrian built the Pantheon (later copied by Jefferson at UVA) ▫ The coliseum held over 50,000 spectators and could be flooded ▫ Aqueducts included Aqua Claudia & Pont du Gard ▫ Fountains provided water and cooled the public piazzas ▫ Roman baths were gi s to the community ▫ Rome exacerbated the use of the arch and dome Detail: ▫ The Empire consisted of most Europe and no. Af‐ rica ▫ The Ancient city was based around the Forum ▫ The main road was called the Apian Way