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Darwin, Natural Selection, & Selective Breeding Name______________________________ Period_____ Date____________________ Notes #3- Change Over Time Charles Darwin ___________________________________ was an English 22-year-old ship’s naturalist who sailed on a five year voyage around the world beginning in December of 1831. natural world HMS Beagle The ship Darwin sailed on was called the __________________________. A naturalist is one who studies the _______________________________________. Darwin was astounded by the diversity of life he saw. He wondered why the plants and animals he studied were so different from those he knew in England. Some of the greatest Galapagos Islands diversity of life he studied was on the ______________________________________. The organisms he saw on the islands were both similar and different from the animals on the mainland. Mainland Galapagos Cormorants (Birds) Could fly Could not fly Iguanas (Lizards) Small claws/ate tree Large claws/ate leaves seaweed When Darwin traveled to the different islands that made up the Galapagos Islands he saw differences tortoises finches in _______________________ and ______________________. Organisms that have a trait that helps them survive (and thus reproduce) are know to have adapted __________________________ . What would these finches eat? (seeds or insects) seeds a._____________________ insects b._____________________ 20 Upon returning from his voyage he spent over _________ years talking to scientists, researching further, and thinking through his ideas before he published his results in 1859. Evolution ________________________________- the gradual change in a species over time. how Darwin wanted to know _________ species evolved. Natural selection The process that Darwin developed to explain evolution is ________________________________. Natural selection is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive reproduce are more likely to ______________________ and _________________________ than other members of their species. Factors that affect the process of natural selection: Overpopulation 1. _____________________________-most species produce more offspring than can possibly survive Competition food resources 2. _____________________________-since _________________ and other _________________ are limited, offspring must compete with each other to survive. It is NOT a physical indirect competition but an ________________ one. Variations 3. ____________________________- differences between individuals of the same species. They can be external or internal features or behaviors. Selection adapted to their environment. When they reproduce their offspring may inherit the ________________ _________________ for the helpful trait which may be passed on to future generations. alleles 4. ____________________________-Some variations make certain individuals better long evolution Helpful ___________________ variations gradually accumulate in a species while unfavorable ones disappear. ________________________ Over a ___________ period of time, natural selection can lead to _____________________. Selective Breeding ____________________________(p. 126)- the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation. Darwin had used pigeons selective breeding to produce _________________ with large tail feathers. (p. 144) Today…MANY animals and plants evolve through selective breeding: White, yellow, green, and purple cauliflower!!