Download Charles Darwin natural world HMS Beagle Galapagos Islands

Darwin, Natural Selection,
& Selective Breeding
Name______________________________
Period_____ Date____________________
Notes #3- Change Over Time
Charles Darwin
___________________________________ was an English 22-year-old ship’s naturalist who sailed
on a five year voyage around the world beginning in December of 1831.
natural world
HMS Beagle
The ship Darwin sailed on was called the __________________________.
A naturalist is one who studies the _______________________________________.
Darwin was astounded by the diversity of life he saw. He wondered why the plants and
animals he studied were so different from those he knew in England. Some of the greatest
Galapagos Islands
diversity of life he studied was on the ______________________________________.
The organisms he saw on the islands were both similar and different from the animals on the
mainland.
Mainland
Galapagos
Cormorants (Birds)
Could fly
Could not fly
Iguanas (Lizards)
Small claws/ate tree Large claws/ate
leaves
seaweed
When Darwin traveled to the different islands that made up the Galapagos Islands he saw differences
tortoises
finches
in _______________________ and ______________________.
Organisms that have a trait that helps them survive (and thus reproduce) are know to have
adapted
__________________________ .
What would these finches eat? (seeds or insects)
seeds
a._____________________
insects
b._____________________
20
Upon returning from his voyage he spent over _________ years talking to scientists, researching
further, and thinking through his ideas before he published his results in 1859.
Evolution
________________________________- the gradual change in a species over time.
how
Darwin wanted to know _________ species evolved.
Natural selection
The process that Darwin developed to explain evolution is ________________________________.
Natural selection is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment
survive
reproduce
are more likely to ______________________ and _________________________ than other
members of their species.
Factors that affect the process of natural selection:
Overpopulation
1. _____________________________-most species produce more offspring than can
possibly survive
Competition
food
resources
2. _____________________________-since _________________ and other _________________
are limited, offspring must compete with each other to survive. It is NOT a physical
indirect
competition but an ________________ one.
Variations
3. ____________________________- differences between individuals of the same species. They can
be external or internal features or behaviors.
Selection
adapted to their environment. When they reproduce their offspring may inherit the
________________
_________________
for the helpful trait which may be passed on to future generations.
alleles
4. ____________________________-Some variations make certain individuals better
long
evolution
Helpful
___________________
variations gradually accumulate in a species while
unfavorable ones disappear.
________________________
Over a ___________ period of time, natural selection can lead to _____________________.
Selective Breeding
____________________________(p. 126)- the process of selecting a few organisms with desired
traits to serve as parents of the next generation. Darwin had used
pigeons
selective breeding to produce _________________ with large tail feathers. (p. 144)
Today…MANY animals and plants evolve through selective breeding:
White, yellow, green, and purple cauliflower!!