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Do Now If you could choose the physical features of your child would you? Why? (3 Sentences) Do-Now How would you feel if you were this person? (3 Sentences) Do Now Define “Race”. Is it right to distinguish between people because of their ethnic background? (3 Sentences) Answer these questions on the back of your article 1. 2. 3. Identify what “Race” means in Biological Terms? Determine if Susie should have been classified as “Black” and why. There is an 85% genetic variation between two people from the same race. Compare this fact to your prior knowledge of race. Are you surprised? Why? Modern Human Variation Biological Anthropology Homo Sapiens The species that you and all other living human beings on this planet belong to is Homo sapiens. During a time of dramatic climate change 200,000 years ago, Homo sapiens (modern humans) evolved in Africa This is supported by mitochondrial DNA, or MTDNA Compared to other Hominids our face teeth and jaw size has been reducing, while our cranial capacity increases The resulting human brain produces heat, uses about 20% of our calories, and is relatively difficult to get blood to. Modern humans also have a very advanced cooling system (hairless) Homo Sapiens Modern humans have very large brains, which the average size is approximately 1300 cubic centimeters. Housing this big brain involved the reorganization of the skull into what is thought of as "modern" -- a thinwalled, high vaulted skull with a flat and near vertical forehead. Modern human faces also show much less (if any) of the heavy brow ridges. Our jaws are also less heavily developed, with smaller teeth. Processes in Human Variation and Adaption In any given human population, individuals vary in external features (skin color/height) and internal features (blood type/susceptibility to disease) Physical differences may be caused by: Genetics Physical environment Cultural Environment Mutations, changes in genetic structure, are the ultimate source of genetic variation Adaptations are genetic changes that give their carriers a better chance of survival and reproduction Adaptation through natural selection does not account for neutral traits Genetic Drift and Gene Flow do Genetic Drift- isolation Gene Flow brining population together Acclimatization Physiological changes to environmental condition, they occur over time Humans can adapt to an environment in two ways Biologically Culturally Physical Variation in Human Populations Bergmann’s Rule-slender population of a species inhabit warmer climates of it’s geographic range, more robust species inhabit cooler areas Do-Now Watch the following video. Why do you think children chose the white doll? (3 Sentences) Allen’s RuleProtruding body parts are relatively shorter in cooler areas Glogger’s Rule – populations of birds and mammals living in warmer climates have more melanin, therefore darker skin, fur, or feathers. Melanin regulates the body’s absorption of Vitamin D from sun light Adaption to High Altitude Hypoxia-breathing problem at high altitudes Population living near the Himalayas and the Andes seem immune to hypoxia Height Allen’s rule impacts height Weight impacts height Nutrition, stress, and disease have all been linked to height Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases Certain population seem to have developed inherited resistance to particular infectious diseases Sickle-Cell Anemia Normal blood cells assume a sickle shape, damaging organs Sickle cells are resistant to malaria Lactase Deficiency The inability to digest milk sugar (lactase) Common in most of the world (Asia, Africa, North/South America) Uncommon in cultures that have readily accessible milk (Northern Europe, Russia) Immunity Many diseases such as the flu or measles grant some degree of immunity with exposure. Making them more deadly to groups that lack exposure (Native Americans/ Columbus) The Future of Human Variation Laboratory fertilization, cloning, and genetic engineering are increasingly practiced on nonhuman organisms Humans modify and control their environment like no other animal What does this mean for the future of humans? Type 3- Due Monday (20 Sentences) Considering genetic diseases and harmful mutations, should the human race use genetic engineering to create children? (20 Sentences) FAC1) Topic sentence and Conclusion.- 30% 2) Explain ideas with sufficient details50% 3) Use content-specific vocabulary accurately- 20% Race and Racism Race is not a useful scientific category Populations (Africans/Europeans) vary more among themselves (genetically) than they do in comparison to people else where 93-95% of all genetic variation is due to the individual, not the “race” Only 3-5% is due to differences among populations social construct Race is a Race and Civilization Some views hold that “civilization” began in Europe and continues today in developed, first world, western nations This ignores the fact that today’s under developed nations were once centers of great civilization Piltdown Man Racially “find” motivated fake Race has no link to intelligence, behavior or civilization Rwandan Genocide A product of recent history The people of Rwanda were divided by the Belgians into two groups Hutu’s- Majority of population Tutsi’s- When the Belgians left they gave power to the Tutsi’s Rwandan Genocide A Hutu leader eventually took power, and small militant groups of Hutu’s began to kill the Tutsi’s 800,000 people were killed Do-Now Does the United States have a responsibility to stop world-wide genocide? Why? (3 Sentences) Do Now Do you think the Europeans should have evacuated the Rwandans from the hotel? Why? (3 Sentences)