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Patterns of Evolution: Study Guide
Adaptive Radiation
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adaptive radiation occurs when an _______________________________________ filling
different environmental niches.
General adaptation is advantageous _______________________________________ (natural
selection).
Environmental adaptation occurs when species adapt _________________________________.
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Examples from lecture: 1) ________________________________________________________
2) ________________________________________________________
3) ________________________________________________________
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____________________ involve the ________________________________________, usually
islands, and through _______________, permit rapid variation in species due to a decrease in
____________________________________________.
Mechanisms of Speciation
Temporal Isolation occurs because species mate at different times
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Examples from lecture: 1) ________________________________________________________
2) ________________________________________________________
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Geographic Isolation occurs when _____________________________________ (of the same
species) become _____________________________________ (body of water, mountains, etc.)
and ______________- occurs over time.
Behavioral isolation mechanisms involve variance in _______________________, differences in
____________________, and/or ______________________-which effectively create and
maintain boundaries within closely related species.
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Examples from lecture: 1) ________________________________________________________
2) ________________________________________________________
Divergent Evolution
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Divergent evolution is the __________________________________________ (due to different
______________________) which eventually leads to _________ (the forming of a new species)
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Examples from lecture: 1)_________________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________________
Convergent Evolution
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Convergent evolution describes the _________________________________________ due to
____________________________________________ in different parts of the world.
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Examples from lecture: 1)_________________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________________
Co-evolution
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When 2 interdependent species ____________________________________, it is referred to as
co-evolution
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Examples from lecture: 1)_________________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________________
Models of Macroevolution
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The _______________________ model states that evolutionary change is both ______________
Resulting from the _________________________________________________ favored by
natural selection. Other effects occasionally __________________________________________
The ___________________________ model states that: “instead of
_____________________________, evolution tends to be characterized by
___________________________________ ("equilibrium"), "punctuated" by
______________________________________of new forms”
A species ______________________________________
A species _________________________________________-where it can find its habitat than
_______________to a new one
If a ______________________ of a species should get _____________ in an area where its
____________________________… rapid change could take place to bring the population back
to equilibrium (_______________) but it is no longer the same species .
The Evolution of Populations
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The “____________” refers to the _______________________ (within a species) for any given
trait in a ____________________________-.
_______________________ is the natural shifting of allele frequency within a population over
time. In the _______________________________________________, genetic drift is minimal…
The ____________________________ occurs when ___________________________, abnormal
allele frequencies may exist in the survivors, resulting in a ______________________________.
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The ________________________ reflects a decrease in genetic variation occurring when a
_______________________________ by a _____________________ number of individuals
“_____________________” from a larger population.
Modes of Natural Selection
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For a given population, ________________________________ can favor a specific phenotype
and result in ________________- selection.
Directional Selection Example: ___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Stabilizing Selection takes place when _________________________________phenotype over
the _______________ values.
Stabilizing Selection Example: _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Disruptive selection favors _____________________________, while those with the
____________________ are selected against.
Disruptive Selection Example: ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Intrasexual Selection
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Intrasexual Selection is associated with characteristics affecting the outcome of
__________________________________________________________for access to the female.
Almost always, males among the ___________________________________ pass their genes
on, ensuring the _____________________________ the population and the species as a whole.
Example: _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Intersexual Selection
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Intersexual selection involves the _______________________________ based on characteristics
which ‘_______________.’
________________________, physiologic features, and ______________________________
have evolved among nearly all species in response to intersexual selection
Example: _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________