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Do Now
1. What are the steps to gel electrophoresis?
2. What are the steps to making a transgenic
organism?
3. What are two examples of how we use
recombinant DNA technology to make
transgenic organisms?
Do Now
Do you agree with the following statement?
Explain why or why not. Give examples!
“Life can only come from other
living things.”
Early earth and the origins of life
Abiogenesis
The theory that life can come from non-living things
Theory of spontaneous generation : up until the 17th century,
scientists once thought life came from decaying matter
Disproved by 2 people:
Francisco Redi
Experiment to test whether
maggots (living) spontaneously
generated from meat (non-living)
Louis Pasteur
Experiment to test whether
bacteria (living) spontaneously
generated from beef broth (nonliving)
Disproved by 2 people:
Francisco Redi
Experiment to test whether
maggots (living) spontaneously
generated from meat (non-living)
Louis Pasteur
Experiment to test whether
bacteria (living) spontaneously
generated from beef broth (nonliving)
Redi & Pasteur’s experiments proved the
Theory of Biogenesis:
Life only comes from living things!
gases
energy
(amino acids)
What gas is missing?!
• Oxygen
Anaerobic or aerobic organisms?
ANAEROBIC
Miller and Urey Experiment
inogranic
Early
Sparks/
Lightning
Life!
(amino acids)
atmosphere
Ocean
If life has to come from living things,
how did life first start?!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4VS00it40o
Answer your questions! U6-2
Unicellular prokaryotic anaerobic
PHOTOSYNTHESIS!
:photosynthetic prokaryotes
O2
AEROBIC!
:aerobic eukaryotes
multicellular eukaryotic aerobic
How did simple prokaryotes go to
complex eukaryotes?
Endosymbiotic theory
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaAM8qQ
cs6E
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Practice 1: Early Earth
Complete pg. U6-3 & U6-4
Making Life Activity
Abiogenesis
Biogenesis
Abiogenesis Recipe Example
Ingredients:
1. Picnic blanket
2. Sandwiches
3. Sweet tea
Steps:
1. Put the blanket
down
2. Take out food and
tea
3. Go swing on swings
for 30 minutes
4. Makes ANTS!
Take out your data trackers
and sit and wait for further
instruction
Do Now
1) What is abiogenesis?
2) Who were the two scientists who disproved
this theory?
3) What is Biogenesis?
4) Describe early Earth and the first organisms
on early Earth.
5) Explain the endosymbiotic theory. In your
explanation be sure to describe the first types
of organisms and how they evolved.
Do Now
1. Describe early Earth and the first organisms
on early Earth.
2. Explain the endosymbiotic theory. In your
explanation be sure to describe the first types
of organisms and how they evolved.
3. Explain Lamarck’s theory.
4. What is Darwin’s theory?
5. What are some key components of the theory
of natural selection?
Evolution
For each statement, indicate if you Agree or Disagree.
Do NOT write the questions:
1. Organisms change over time
2. According to evolution, people came from monkeys.
3. A theory means there is very little evidence to support
it
4. You can either believe in Evolution OR God.
5. Evolution is something that happened in the past –
not now.
6. There is evidence that supports evolution.
7. Evolution can explain why some organisms live and
others die.
2 men, 2 theories
Lamarck
Charles Darwin
Lamarck
Theory of acquired characteristics
•He said an individual can acquire changes
during its lifetime and pass them on to their
offspring
– Example: a body builder with huge muscles
would pass on the huge muscles to the baby
Lamarck
Original
Short
shortneck
necked
ancestor
Keeps stretching
neck to reach
leaves higher on
tree
and
stretching
and stretching
Long
neck
until neck gets
longer
2 men, 2 theories
Lamarck
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Theory of Natural Selection
http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=olW9D7TQf3g
Natural Selection
variation
heritable
MORE
OVERPRODUCTION
compete
COMPETITION
survive
fit
adaptations
pass on
NATURAL
SELECTION
Dead
giraffe
Darwin
• Survival of the fittest: survival of
those best adapted individuals
allows those best adapted traits
to be passed on to offspring
• Over time, the adaptation is
seen in a greater number of
individuals in the population
because nature has selected
the trait to help that organism
survive.
• Evolution : the theory that species change
over time
• Species: a group of organisms that can breed
and produce fertile offspring
• Variation: a difference exhibited by a member
of a species
• Natural selection: the theory that organisms
with favorable traits are more likely to survive,
reproduce, and pass on their adaptations to
their offspring
• Adaptation: a beneficial trait that enables an
organism to survive and reproduce
Videos
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AiTG6T9
pTcM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sfgg3S0x
nzk
Mutation is a
random process
but natural
selection is not
Practice 2: Natural Selection
Answer Analysis Questions
Page U6-6
10 minutes
Peppered Moth Activity
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=LyRA807djLc
Peppered Moths Interactive Activity
http://peppermoths.weebly.com/
Do Now
1.What was Lamarck’s theory called?
2. Define Lamarck’s theory.
3. What is Darwin’s theory called?
4. Define Darwin’s theory.
Do Now
Think about our peppered moth lab activity last
class…
1. Which moth color was selected FOR? Explain.
(Hint: which moth had the best adaptation)
2. Review question #7 on page U6-6 in your
notes packet. What must be present within a
population of species in order for natural
selection to take place? Explain.
Mutation is a
random process
but natural
selection is not
Do Now
Throwback Thursday
1. What is an autotroph?
2. What is a heterotroph?
3. Give an example of each!
Study!!
You have a quiz today on early earth,
abiogenesis, biogenesis, endosymbiotic
theory, and theories of evolution (Lamarck
and Darwin).
Fossil evidence
1. Fossil Evidence: Fossils are the remains or traces of
organisms that once lived. Fossils show us that life
went from simple to complex, moved from water to
land, and existed over 3 billion years ago.
• Many found in sedimentary rock, which is formed from
layers of slowly deposited sediments.
• Two ways to date fossils:
A. Relative Dating: dating based on the observation
that fossils in the
bottom = oldest, top = youngest
B. Absolute Dating: using radioactive isotopes to
determine the exact age of a fossil.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOKW_7KajCU
anatomical
comparing anatomical (physical) features between
organisms, looking for evolutionary similarities
anatomical
comparing anatomical (physical) features between
organisms, looking for evolutionary similarities
Homologous structures: have similar parts, but
different functions. Organisms with similar bone
structures may have evolved from a common
ancestor.
Vestigial structures: have no function in present
day organism, but was probably useful in its past.
Vestigial Structures
Examples: human appendix and the leg bones of a
whale. These structures provide further evidence of
common structure and function.
Vestigial Structures
Vestigial Structures
Vestigial Structures
Comparative Embryology
embryo
lizard
turtle
pig
human
Biochemistry
Biochemistry: comparing DNA sequences between 2
different organisms
• Can use a DNA fingerprint!
Practice 3: Evidence for Evolution
(15 minutes)
U6-10
U6-10
Mechanisms
U6-11