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Julius Caesar Note-Taking Guide Slide One: Introduction • Before Julius Caesar took control in ____ BC, the Roman Empire was not ruled by the Emperor, but by two consuls who were elected by the citizens of Rome. It was known as a ______________. • People were divided into classes. o ________________: Wealthy citizens of Rome. Allowed to vote. o ________________: Not wealth. Allowed to vote. o ________________: No money, no rights, no freedom, and were not allowed to vote. o ________________: Citizens voted for two consuls. Elected to serve one year. Job to govern Rome. Both had to agree on all decisions. They were replaced after their year serving and were not allowed to be consuls again for ___ ______. o ________________: Citizens voted for a number of magistrates. Job to keep law and order and also to manage Rome’s financial affairs. When Magistrates retired they became senators and attended the Senate. o ________________: Citizens voted for tribunes. Job to make sure that the people were treated fairly. Background Information • • • • Allegedly a descendant of Trojan Prince _____________. Birth Date: Full Birth Name: Gaius Julius Caesar Born of Aurealis and Gaius Julius Caesar, a praetor (Roman magistrate) Early Years • Married ________________, the daughter of a noble. • His marriage drew the anger of Rome’s dictator, __________, who ordered Caesar to divorce his wife or risk losing his property. • Caesar refused and found escape in the military, he served in both the province of Asia in ________________. • After the death of Sulla, Caesar returned to Rome to begin his career in politics as a prosecuting advocate. • After his relocation to ____________, to study philosophy, he was kidnapped by pirates. o In a daring display of negotiation, he convinced his captors to raise his ransom, then organized a naval force to attack them. The pirates were captured and executed. • Returned to Rome to work with ______________ • _____ or _____ BC : Elected quaestor (a base political office) • Cornelia (wife) passes in 69 BC • _____ or _____ BC : served as governor of the Roman province of Spain o Continued his close alliance with Pompey, which enabled him to get elected as consul, a powerful government position, in 59 BC. Early Political Career • Caesar’s cultivating political partnership with Pompey caused the aligning with ___________ Licinus Crassus who proved to be instrumental in Caesar’s rise to power. o He provided financial and political support to Caesar. • Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar became the ___________ ____________________. o This gave Caesar the perfect springboard to greater domination. 2 • Pompey grew envious of Caesar’s power and prestige after his major war dominations. • ___________ years into Crassus’ five year term in Syria, he was killed in battle. Caesar the Dictator • Caesar went to war against Pompey. (January 10 – 11, 49 BC) • Pompey aligned himself with the nobility, and the nobility increasingly saw Caesar as a nation threat causing a civil war. • Pompey and his troops were no match for Caesar and his military campaign • Caesar pushed his enemies out of Italy and into Egypt, where Pompey was killed. • He aligned himself with __________________, with whom he has a son, Caesarion. • Caesar was made dictator for life and hailed as the Father of his Country. • He would serve only a year’s term before his assassination, but in that short period Caesar would greatly transform the empire. • Roman _________ bore his face. Assassination • His reforms made him popular among the __________ and ___________ class Romans, but his popularity with the Senate was another matter. o Envy and concern over Caesar’s increasing power led to angst among a number of politicians who saw in him as aspiring king. § Romans had no desire for ___________________ rule 3 § Legend has it that by the time Caesar came to power it had been five centuries since they’d last allowed a king to rule them o Caesar’s wish to include his former Roman enemies in the gov’t helped spell his downfall. § Gaius Cassius Longinus & Marcus Junius Brutus : led the assassination of Caesar on the Ides of March (the 15th), 44 BC. Julius Caesar • Playwright: William ____________________ • Roman Tragedy • “Et tu Brute?” o Famous line spoken by Caesar to his friend Brutus who acted against him in his assassination. Conclusion • Caesar was apart of the First __________________ along with Cassius and Pompey • He was made Dictator for __________ • He was popular with the lower and middle class • He was assassinated on the _________ of __________ (15th) o led by : Gaius Cassius Longinus & Marcus Junius Brutus 4