Download Nominative quī quae quod who cuius cuius cuius whose / cui cui cui

Ch. 28 Grammar Cards
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 1
How to make cards: all the information is given to you. Simply copy down the information in
the simulated cards below onto your real index cards. The act of writing out the info should
encourage comprehension of that info, or at the very least you have made study cards for tests
and midterms and finals. Eugepae! Note below that the info on the cards below is given
horizontally, the left box = the front of the card, while the right box = the back of the card.

[Back side of Card A]
An Example:
[Front Side of Card A]
o
Who was the 1st Roman
emperor?
Augustus Caesar
Ch. #
CHAPTER 28
What is in Chapter
28?

 Preparing to Go Shopping
o The Relative Pronoun:
o forms of the relative pronoun
o agreement of the rel. pronoun & the antecedent
o how to translate the relative pronoun
 Hairstyles of Roman Girls and Women
Ch. 28
The
Chapter 28
Checklist:
I know…
 how to decline the relative pronoun in all its irregular forms
 that the relative pronoun gets its gender and number from its antecedent
 that the case of the relative pronoun is determined by its grammatical use within its
own relative clause
 how to translate the relative pronoun if it refers to a person
 how to translate the relative pronoun if it refers to a thing
The forms of
the Relative
Pronoun
[SINGULAR]
CASE
MASC.
Singular
Nominative
quī
quae quod
cuius cuius cuius
Genitive
NEUTER People
Singular
who
Dative
cui
Accusative
quem quam quod
quō quā quō
Ablative
Ch. 28
FEM.
Singular
cui
cui
whose /
of whom
(to/for)
whom
whom
Things
which
of which
/ whose
(to/for)
which
which
WFBIOU WFBIOU
whom
which
Ch. 28 Grammar Cards
The forms of
the Relative
Pronoun
[PLURAL]
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 2
CASE
MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER
Plural
Plural
Plural
People
Things
Nominative
quī
quae
who
which
Genitive
quōrum
quārum quōrum
whose /
Dative
quibus
quibus
quibus
Accusative
quōs
quibus
quās
quibus
quae
quibus
of which
/ whose
(to/for)
which
which
Ablative
quae
of whom
(to/for)
whom
whom
WFBIOU WFBIOU
whom
which
Ch. 28
Notes on the forms Note:
of the relative
o The Genitive Singular ending (-ius) and the Dative Singular ending (-i) is the
pronoun
same as the Gen Sing & Dat Sing of (1) ille, illa, illud, (2) is, ea, id, & (3)
others we will see.
o The masculine nominative singular (quī) is the same as the masculine
nominative plural (quī): check your verb ending!
o The feminine nominative singular (quae) is the same as the feminine
nominative plural (quae): check your verb ending!
Ch. 28 o some endings are 2-1-2 endings (see abl. singular & genitive plural), some are
3rd decl. (quem, quibus), and some are unique (quod, cuius, cui, quae)
o Note the translation in English is the same in the singular & the plural.
How to
o If the relative pronoun refers to a thing, use “which” or “that”
Translate the
o If the relative pronoun refers to a PERSON, use “that” or preferably a form of
Relative
“who” as follows…
o “who” is one of the few words that inflects or declines in English:
Pronoun
o the word “who” can only be the subject of a verb in English
o the possessive form in English is “whose”
o the object is always “whom”: “whom” (direct object), “(to/for) whom”
(indirect object), “with/from/by/because of/in/on/out of/under whom”
(ablative)
Ch. 28
o The antecedent is the noun that the relative pronoun “relates” back to
o (from Latin antecedere: to come before; derivative: ancestor)
o The antecedent gives the relative pronoun its number and gender
Ch. 28 Example:
o I don’t see the waitress who took our order. [“waitress” is the antecedent of
the relative pronoun “who”  feminine and singular]
o the case of the relative pronoun is determined by its grammatical use within its own
How do you
What is the
antecedent?
determine the
case for the
relative pronoun?
relative clause, and NOT from the antecedent!!!
Example:
o I don’t see the waitress who took our order. [“who” is feminine and singular
because of its antecedent (waitress”), but it is nominative because it is the
Ch. 28
subject of its own relative clause. Answer: quae ]
Ch. 28 Grammar Cards
Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 3
o The relative pronoun gets its gender & number from its antecedent, BUT the
What is the
case of the relative pronoun is determined by its grammatical use within its
RULE for
own relative clause.
determining the
Example:
case, number &
(1) The waiter whose bow tie is crooked took our order. [“waiter”
gender of the
(masculine & singular) is the antecedent of the relative pronoun “whose”
relative pronoun?
 genitive because it is showing possession to the bow tie. Answer:
cuius]
Ch. 28
(2) The waiters whom you wanted for your private party have left town.
[“waiters” (masculine & plural) is the antecedent of the relative pronoun
“whom”  accusative because it is the direct object of “wanted”.
Answer: quōs]
o You can easily locate the beginning and end of the relative clause: it begins
How to
with the relative pronoun and ends with the verb of the relative clause.
demarcate
Example:
1. feminae quās prīnceps laudāverat in hortō sedēbant.  feminae [quās
The Relative
prīnceps laudāverat] in hortō sedēbant. = The women whom the
Clause
emperor had praised were sitting in the garden.
o
Ch. 28
The
preposition
cum is
attached
Ch. 28
Add prepositions if they govern the relative pronoun:
1. viam in quā sepulchrum Caeciliae Metellī sītum est videō.  viam [in quā
sepulchrum Caeciliae Metellī sītum est] videō. = I see the road on which
the Tomb of Caecilia Metelli is located.
o
Attach the preposition cum if you have the phrase “with whom” or “with
which” (unless the “with which” is ablative of means then no cum is
required)
o
o
Examples: quōcum, quācum, quibuscum
We saw this before: mēcum (“with me”), tēcum (“with you”), nōbīscum
(“with us”), vōbīscum (“with you (pl.)”), sēcum (“with himself / herself / itself
/ themselves”)