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PRONOUNS
WRITE SOURCE 704 -710, 718, 754, 756
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
• 704.1 Classes of Pronouns Chart
Personal: take the place of any noun
I, me, my, mine / we, us, our, ours
you, your, yours/ they, them, their, theirs
he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its
Reflexive & Intensive: emphasizes the noun or pronoun it refers to
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Relative: relates or connects an adjective clause to the noun or pronoun it
modifies
what, who, whose, whom, which, that
Indefinite: refers to unnamed or unknown people or things
all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, each one, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, most, much, neither, nobody,
none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, some, somebody, someone,
something, such
Interrogative: asks a question
who, whose, whom, which, what
Demonstrative: points out people, places, or things without naming them
this, that, these, those
Wednesday
• 754.3 Relative Pronouns: (who, which, that) is
used as the subject of a clause, the number of the
verb is determined by the antecedent of the
pronoun. (Antecedent: word to which the
pronoun refers)
– This is one of the books that are required for class.
– (The relative pronoun that requires the plural verb are
because its antecedent, books, is plural)
• Note: to test this type of sentence for agreement,
read the “of” phrase first.
– Of the books that are required for class, this is the one.
Wednesday
754.2 Indefinite Pronouns:
• Singular: (require singular verb) each, either,
neither, on, everybody, another, anybody,
everyone, nobody, everything, somebody, and
someone.
– Everybody is invited.
• Plural: both, few, many, and several.
– Many ask for frozen yogurt.
• Both: all, any, most, none, and some.
PRONOUNS: NUMBER & PERSON,
FUNCTIONS
• 710.1 Case of Pronoun
• Nominative case: pronoun can be the subject of a clause. Forms: I,
you, he, she, it, we, they.
• I like life when things go well.
• Predicate Nominative: if it follows a “be” verb (am, is, are, was, were,
be, being, been) or another linking verb (appear, become, feel, etc.)
and renames the subject.
• “Yes, it is I,” said Mai.
• Possessive Case: pronoun shows possession or ownership. (Note:
apostrophes are not used with personal pronouns) Possessive
pronouns can also be classified as adjectives.
• “But as I placed my hand upon his shoulder, there came a strong shudder
over his whole person.” –“The Fall of the House of Usher” by Edgar Allan
Poe
• Objective Case: a direct object, indirect object, or an object of the
preposition.
• The kids loved it (direct object of “loved)! We lit a campfire for them
(object of the preposition “for”) and told them (indirect object of “told”)
old ghost stories.
FUNCTIONS OF PRONOUNS
Write
Source
Function
Symbol
738.1
Subject
710.1
Predicate
nominative
PN
710.1
Possessive
pronoun
POS
His shoes were ruined by the rain.
716.2
Direct object
DO
The river’s current pulled him under.
716.2
Indirect
object
IO
Frank gave me some paperback books.
Object of
preposition
OP
This isn’t about me.
732
S
Example
You need to change your clothes.
“That is you,” she remarked about my shirt.
PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT
• A pronoun must agree in number, person, and
gender with its antecedent.
• Antecedent: the word to which the pronoun refers.
• Cal brought his gerbil to school.
• The antecedent of his is Cal.
• Both are singular, third person, and masculine (therefore, they
agree)
PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT
• 756.1 Agreement in Number
• Use a singular pronoun to refer to such antecedents as
each, either, neither, one, anyone, anybody, everyone,
everybody, somebody, another, nobody, and a person.
• Neither of the brothers likes his (not their) room.
• Two or more singular antecedents joined by or or nor are
also referred to by a singular pronoun.
• Either Connie or Sue left her her headset in the library.
• If one of the antecedents joined by or or nor is singular and
one is plural, the pronoun should agree with the nearer
antecedent.
• Neither the manager nor the players were crazy about their
new uniforms.
• Use a plural pronoun to refer to plural antecedents as well
as compound subjects joined by and.
• Jarred and Carlos are finishing their assignments.
PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT
• 756.2 Agreement in Gender
• Use a masculine or feminine pronoun depending upon the
gender of the antecedent.
• Claire is always complaining about her feet being cold.
• Matt would like to bring his dog along on the trip.
• Use a neuter pronoun when the antecedent has no
gender.
• The ancient weeping willow is losing many of its branches.
• When a person or everyone is used to refer to both
genders or either gender, you will have to choose whether
to offer optional pronouns or rewrite the sentence.
• A person should be allowed to choose her or his own footwear.
• People should be allowed to choose their own footwear.
718.2 Person of a Verb (Using Pronouns)
• Person: indicates whether the subject of the verb is
first, second, or third person (is speaking, is spoken
to, or is spoken about). The form of the verb usually
changes only when a present-tense verb is used with
a third-person singular pronoun.
Singular
Plural
First Person
I sniff
We sniff
Second Person
You sniff
You sniff
Third Person
He/she/it sniffs
They niff