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Transcript
Chapter 6 Greece’s Golden and Hellenistic Age Hellenistic Culture This was a mixture of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures that formed during and after Alexander Alexandra was the center and the most important city In 508 BC citizens began controlling Athenian government Greece contributions were 1. Government 2. Sports 3. Drama 4. Philosophy 5. History 6. Architecture Be able to locate on a Map: Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Greece, Crete, Dardanelles, Byzantium Alexander the Great His most lasting achievement was the spreading of Greek culture After conquering Greece, Alexander conquered 1. Persian Empire 2. Egypt 3. Indus Valley The farthest extent of his conquest was the Indus Valley Pericles: ruler of Athens from 461-429 BC Helped Athens achieve the most complete democracy in history Believed that a city’s survival depended on citizen participation in government Believed that Sparta emphasized muscles over intellect Macedonia Conquered Greece due to the following factors 1. Philip II used Greek-style military techniques 2. Greek city states did not cooperate with each other 3. Greek was weakened after the Peloponnesian War Philip II 1. was the Macedonian King who conquered most of Greece 2. Spent 3 years as a hostage in Thebes where he learned about Greek culture and military techniques 3. He admired Greek ways 4. He organized a well-disciplined army 5. Some Greeks saw him as a savior. Art: Expressed belief in simplicity and balance Pottery was painted with scenes from everyday life They created decorated storage vessels called amphora Sculptures showed the human traits of pride, strength, athletic ability, beauty and grace. Chapter 6 Greece’s Golden and Hellenistic Age Architecture Be able to identify all 3 of the column types 1. Doric: Plain capital 2. Ionic: Rams horns: 3. Corinthian: Leaves Parthenon: 1. 2. 3. Temple to Athena Admired because it has perfectly balanced proportions Notable for its graceful proportions and use of perspective People Scientists Archimedes: 1. Invented compound pulley 2. Invented a screw like device to draw water 3. Calculated the value of pi 4. Explained how levers worked Pythagoras: Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2 Euclid: wrote The Elements of Geometry Medical Believed the center of the central nervous system was the brain Hippocrates 1. His work sums up Greek medical science because it bases medical treatment on reason, not magic or supernatural reasons. 2. Developed the code of conduct for doctors that is still used today. (Hippocratic oath) Philosophers Early philosophers were called cosmologists because they studied the nature of the universe Epicureanism: philosophy that advocated seeking joy and avoiding pain Socrates 1. Believed that students should learn to think for themselves 2. His method foced students to question everything and defend their statements 3. Put to death for corrupting the youth and neglecting the city gods. Aristotle: believed that every field of knowledge should be studied in a systematic way Plato: 1. Believed that government should be run by aristocratic philosophers 2. Wrote The Republic a book about his vision of a perfectly governed society. Writers Thucydides 1. Wrote History of the Peloponnesian War, a history based on fact not legend 2. Believed that history should be fair and accurate Aristophanes: wrote comedies : social satires of current ideas and events Sophocles: wrote tragedies Euripides: wrote tragedies Aeschylus: Wrote tragedies