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What IS DNA anyway? Do Now 11/4 OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe the structure and function of the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA TASKS: 1. What are the monomers of carbs, proteins, and lipids? Macromolecule Chart Macromolecule Monomers Structure Functions Important Examples Carbohydrates Monosaccharides (single sugars) Mono-, di-, and polysaccharides. Store energy in living things, also structural (e.g. cellulose) Glucose, cellulose Proteins Amino Acids (20 different kinds; aka peptides) 1 or more polypeptide chains Structural (what organisms are made of), and enzymes (speed up chemical reactions) Many… pectinase in lab Nucleic Acids Nucleotides DNA: double helix, RNA: singe strand Store (DNA) and process (RNA) information DNA ,RNA Lipids NONE!!! (Fatty Acids) HYDROPHOBIC organic molecules (long tails) CELL MEMBRANE (& energy storage) MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPIDS Our Schedule • Today: Nucleic Acids • Tomorrow: Macromolecule Quiz (structures, functions, monomers – study!) • Wednesday: Unit Review (Biochemistry) • Thursday: Unit Test! DNA’s Basic Structure isn’t Complex • Just like polysaccharides are long chains of… • And proteins are 1 or more long chains of … • Nucleic Acids are long chains of… NUCLEOTIDES DNA & RNA Are Made Up of Nucleotides Nucleotides have 3 parts: Phosphate, Sugar, Base SugarPhosphate “Backbone” Hydrogen Bonds between nucleotides hold the strands together This model animation shows approximately 40 nucleotides arranged in a double helix (2stranded spiral.) DNA is a chemical that stores information It’s like a hard drive. Computers store information as 1s and 0s. DNA and RNA store information as As, Ts, Gs, and Cs. Just like an iPod stores your favorite songs, DNA stores your species favorite biological instructions. • DNA stores important information • RNA processes information DNA & RNA: The 2 types of Nucleic Acids DNA RNA Monomer DNA nucleotides RNA nucleotides # strands 2 1 Function Store information Process information Bases A,T,G,C A,U,G,C The sugars aren’t that different. RNA Structure • Because RNA molecules are single stranded, they can have a great variety of shapes and structures. • These shapes are formed by the single stranded molecule Hydrogen bonding to itself in different ways Self-replicating RNA molecules Wrap Up: • What are nucleic acids made of? • What element do nucleotides have that other monomers don’t? • What do nucleic acids do? • What are the two types of nucleic acids? • What holds the two strands of a DNA molecule together? • What are some of the differences between DNA and RNA?