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Transcript
Colossians 1:16, 17 16 For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him: 17 And he is before all things, and by him all things consist. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Bacterial Genetics Timothy G. Standish, Ph. D. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Bacteria Have Circular Chromosomes Cell Wall Cell Membrane Chromosome Origin of Replication Cytoplasm Termination of Replication ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Replication Replication goes in both directions Original Chromosome Start of replication Theta (q) structure Mid replication End of replication Two chromosomes ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Binary Fission Revisited ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Genetic Recombination If bacteria were incapable of genetic recombination, all members of a given species would be clones with differences arising only due to mutations in different lines If bacteria could not share genetic information as other organisms do in sexual reproduction, there would be vastly less opportunity to adapt to different environments As it turns out, bacteria are notorious for their ability to adapt, thus it is not surprising that elegant mechanisms exist for sharing genetic information ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Ways Bacteria Exchange Genetic Material Transformation - Bacteria take up DNA from their environment and incorporate it into their genome (i.e., the Griffith experiment) Transduction - Movement of DNA between bacteria by viruses Conjugation - The direct transfer of DNA by bacteria usually via plasmids ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Transformation Crossing over Insertion ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Transduction Generalized Infection Destruction of the bacteria’s DNA Production of viral parts Lysis Packaging Replication of the viral genome ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Temperate Phage Transduction Specialized Part of the bacteria’s DNA Production of viral parts Lysis Packaging Replication of the viral genome ©2000 Timothy G. Standish F plasmid Conjugation F+ bacteria Mating Bridge F- bacteria ©2000 Timothy G. Standish F plasmid Conjugation F+ bacteria Mating Bridge Original F+ bacteria F- bacteria New F+ bacteria ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Hfr Recombination F+ bacteria F plasmid Integration Hfr cell F- bacteria Transfer of genetic material ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Hfr Recombination F+ bacteria F plasmid Integration Hfr cell Interruption of conjugation F- bacteria Crossing over Transfer of genetic material ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Hfr Recombination F+ bacteria F plasmid Integration Hfr cell F- bacteria Recombinant Bacteria ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Transcription And Translation In Prokaryotes 5’ 3’ 3’ 5’ RNA Pol. Ribosome mRNA Ribosome 5’ ©2000 Timothy G. Standish ©2000 Timothy G. Standish