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Exam III Jeopardy Key
Patterns of Biodiversity
100: overdifferentiated
200: higher productivity, constant temperatures, high degree of specialization, high
speciation/low extinction rates
300: negative, negative, positive, positive
400: land/island size and distance to a source of immigrants
500: immigration=extinction rates
Biomes & Environmental Processes
100: mean annual temperature and precipitation
200: similar temp and precip at high elevation/high latitude and low elevation/low
latitudes (environmental conditions similar)
300: primary succession – there was previously no ecosystem there (no organic matter),
secondary – there was previously an ecosystem there and some organic matter/soil
remains.
400: The biological community produced at the end of succession
500: environmental disturbance (both intensity and frequency)
Pollution and Environmental Changes
100: the “aging of lakes”. Increased nutrients, sediment into lakes, decreasing oxygen and
visibility, caused by human disturbance
200: Atmospheric nitrogen is converted to a useable form for plants by soil-dwelling
nitrogen fixing bacteria who take up this nitrogen in tissues. Plants pass this nitrogen on
to consuming animals up the food chain. Decomposition at all of these stages puts
nitrogen back into the soil and soil respiration can convert available nitrogen back into
atmospheric nitrogen (as can combustion)
300: nitrates and sulfates
400: the process of unsoluble/non-metabolizable toxins increasing in concentration as
they are transferred up the food chain.
500: impacts - rising temperature, rising sea level, species range shifts, species
extinctions, modification of growing seasons, changes in precip and temperature patterns,
crop dislocation, loss of freshwater ice caps and glaciers, etc.
greenhouse gases: methane, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc.
Energy Flow in Environments:
100: ATP
200: 1.2%
300: GPP – amount of energy captured by photosynthetic organisms (kcal/area/time)
NPP = GPP – energy used in plant respiration
400: all generally positive
500: it involves rock weathering and phosphorous being turned back into rocks and
uplifting. This is a much longer process.
Animal Biology:
100:
epithelial – closely/tightly bound cells, protection against pathogens and mech. injury
connective – loosely connected cells, binds and supports other tissues
muscle – long thin flexible cells (cardiac – heart beating, smooth – digestive and other
involuntary systems, skeletal – moving appendages, etc.)
nervous – single neurons form networks of cells, receive and transmit signals to and from
other cells.
200: calories/prey item & handling time
300: amount of energy required to maintain activity/upkeep body systems per unit time
(can also look at metabolic rate per unit weight.)
400: insulation, circulatory adaptations, behavior (moving about in habitat to gain/loose
heat), use of evaporative cooling mechanisms (bathing, panting) , negative feedback
mechanisms (like the human hypothalamus).
500: torpor (hibernation and estivation are examples of torpor, two extremes)
Species Interactions and Population Growth:
100: fundamental – the suite of resources/habitat potentially used by an animal
realized – where the animal actually occurs in presence of its competitors/predators
200: the process of a superior competitor taking all the resources and leaving none
(“excluding”) for its inferior competitors.
300: the number of individuals an area/habitat can support given its resource base
400:density dependent growth is inversely affected by population size; density
independent has nothing to do with the population size.
500: competition, mutualism, commensalism, predation/parasitism