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The Crusades World History Causes Economic Younger sons wanted land Wanted to plunder Middle East Causes Political Kings wanted to increase power Knights were bored, and looking for a fight Causes Religious Urban II inspired Knights to save the Holy Land Crusaders were assured a spot in heaven Causes Immediate trigger Muslims threaten Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor asks Pope for help 1st Crusade Goal: Conquer Jerusalem 100,000 peasants answered the call No weapons No food No plan Attack Jews on the way Peasants are slaughtered 12,000 Knights survive and capture Jerusalem 2nd Crusade No Goal Attacked Muslim Cities Conclusion: Angered Muslims 3rd Crusade Goal: recapture Jerusalem from Saladin Led by Richard the Lionheart, Frederick Barbarossa, and Philip Augustus Conclusion: truce Muslims controlled Jerusalem Christian could visit 4th Crusade Goal: Conquer Jerusalem Attacked Constantinople Conclusion: Fatally wounded Byzantine Empire Permanently split Christian Church Reconquista Goal: Take Spain back from Muslims Used the Inquisition to purge society Conclusion: Spain controlled by Christians Later Crusades Goal: personal gain 2 children’s crusades Attacked Jews and Africa Effects of the Crusades Weakened Pope’s power Feudalism weakened Stimulated trade Damaged relations between Christians, Jews, and Muslims Crusaders brought advanced knowledge back to Europe Rise of cities