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Transcript
Name____________________________________________________ Date ___________________ Hour ___ Pages 128-129 Directions: Color, draw and label the layers of Earth using the following word bank and color code: Continental Crust = green Lithosphere = brown Oceanic Crust = blue Asthenosphere = orange Lower Mantel = yellow Outer Core = pink Inner Core = red 1. The thinnest outermost layer of Earth is called the _______________________________ . 2. The _______________ crust is the thinnest and contains the Earth’s ocean waters. The ______________________ crust is much thicker and includes all land areas, including mountains. 3. The ____________________________ is a solid rocky layer attached to the bottom of the crust and is the uppermost part of the ________________________. The _______________________ is a molten plastic like layer that the Lithosphere rests and moves upon. 4. __________________________ ___________________________ caused by heat rising from the Core melts rock and causes it to flow within the Asthenosphere. It cools where magma sinks to become rock once again. 5. More dense _____________ crust meets and dives under the less dense ____________________ crust. 6. When this occurs, a _____________________ zone forms, allowing magma to rise to the surface. This is where ______________ and _______________ form. 7. Trenches and _________________ form where the Earth is moving together (note arrows above trench) at places called ___________________ boundaries. Sea Floor Spreading A. Mid Ocean Ridges = brown D. Hot Spot = Red B. Divergent Boundary Arrows = blue E. Subduction Zone = orange F. Label = Lithosphere C. Trench = yellow G. Asthenosphere = red 8. Rising hot molten material from the Asthenosphere can cause the Earth to move apart at locations called _______________________ boundaries. The molten material rises then cools in the sea, causing it to harden, forming ______________ _______________ ___________________. 9. As more molten material rises and hardens, it forces the sea floor to move apart. This process is called _______________ ____________________ ______________________. 10. Sea floor spreading (at divergent boundary points A, B, D) results in the creation of new crust. However, the Earth’s total surface area stays the same. Look at points C. and E. where there is a convergent boundary. How could what is happening here explain why the sea floor spreading does not result in the Earth’s crustal surface area to increase: ______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 11. When two continental crusts collide, then ____________________ building occurs. 12. The crust is too thick for volcanoes to form. However, the crust will dive under into the _____________________ where it will be melted and recycled to form new crust elsewhere at hot spots or volcanic areas. Continental Drift and Plate Tectonic Theory (pg. 138-139) 1. The theory of Continental Drift was first proposed by the German scientist __________________. 2. He believed that all continents used to be joined together in a supercontinent called __________. 3. There were three types of evidence that gave support to his theory. First, the puzzle like _______ of the continents and coal fields found in Europe and North America provided ____________ _________ evidence, suggesting the continents once used to be joined in the shape shown above. 4. _____________ evidence revealed that the tropical plant ___________________ was found in Antartica, South America, Australia, and India. The land animal Cyngnathus was found both in South America and Africa. Lystrosaurus and Mesosaurus were fresh water reptiles throughout many continents as well. None of these animals would have survived swimming an ocean. 5. Lastly, _____________ evidence supported by the fossil evidence mentioned above, indicated tropical plants could not have grown in Antarctica unless it once used to be in a warmer climate closer to the equator. Glacial grooves in South Africa indicates it used to be in a much colder climate, further away from the equator. 6. Wegner’s theory was rejected during his lifetime, because he could not explain how the continents moved. Sonar revealed _______ _________ ________ explains Continental Drift. Directions: Color the arrows and plate boundaries indicated in the key above then complete the table below.