Download Pre-class Read Chapter 23 in Taylor, Lillis, Lynn. (2015

Pre-class
Read Chapter 23 in Taylor, Lillis, Lynn. (2015). Fundamentals of Nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters
Kluwer.
Reacd Chapter 1 pp 1-19 in Lynn. (2015). Taylor’s Clinical Nursing Skills. Philadelphia: Wolters
Kluwer.
Complete and bring to class your Ticket to Class: Infection control.
Infection Control Guidelines
Unit I Objective 9
Infection Control Guidelines
A. Ethical and Legal Implications of Infectious Control
B. Regulatory Agencies
OSHA and CDC
C. Standard Precautions
D. Infection Control Committee
Infection Control
What does this mean??
What do we mean when we say “Standard Precautions”??? (old terminology “Universal”)
2013 NCLEX Safe and Effective Care Environment
Safety and Infection Control: the nurse protects clients and health care personnel from
health and environmental hazards.
Safety and Infection Control Competencies
Handling Hazardous and Infectious Materials
Identify biohazardous, flammable, and infectious material
Follow procedures for handling biohazardous material (regulated and unregulated
wastes)
Demonstrate safe handling techniques to staff and client
How to handle biohazardous materials
Do not allow items to touch you
Fold items away from you (do not throw, splatter, fan, or dismantle the
objects/equipment/etc.)
Always wear appropriate gloves! Make sure the fit is appropriate, and that there are no
tears or breaches.
Always dispose of in appropriately labeled receptacles following agency guidelines.
Inspect for sharps before handling.
Use provided spills kit, broom, dustpan, etc. to prevent further contamination.
Follow procedures for handling biohazardous material
Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)….OSHA SAYS IT’S THE LAW!
Follow agency guidelines
IF YOU DON’T KNOW, ASK??????
Examples of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves
Gown—Surgical VS N95
Masks, including face shields
Shoe covers
Hair covers
“Sharps” containers
Ventilation Hoods/Rooms
Demonstrate safe handling techniques to staff and client
Standard Precautions/Transmission-Based Precautions/Surgical Asepsis
Assess client care area for sources of infection
Understand communicable diseases and the modes of organism transmission (airborne,
droplet, contact)
Apply principles of infection control (e.g., hand hygiene, surgical asepsis, isolation,
sterile technique, universal/standard precautions)
Follow correct policy and procedures when reporting a client with a communicable
disease
Educate client and staff regarding infection control measures
Utilize appropriate precautions for immunocompromised clients
Use appropriate technique to set up a sterile field/maintain asepsis (gloves, mask, sterile
supplies)
Evaluate infection control precautions implemented by staff members
Evaluate whether aseptic technique is performed correctly
Ethical and Legal Implications
Legal – following the law, guidelines, policies and procedures for healthcare institutions
Ethical– Doing what is right!
Safety in healthcare environments
Maintain safety of client and others
The nurse will “do no harm” and protect from harm.
Maintain safety of staff
“Nurses as primary caregivers can intervene in and positively affect a patient’s
outcome….and can reduce a patient’s potential for developing an infection.”
Assess client care area for sources of infection
Spills
Unemptied trash
Doors open
Soiled utility
Trash on floor
Overflowing sharps containers/Absence of sharps containers
Biohazards not marked and put in regular trash receptacles
Soiled linens
Blood, feces, urine, wound drainage
Unemptied potty chairs/Unsanitized
Urinal on over-bed table
Understand communicable diseases and the modes of organism transmission (airborne,
droplet, contact)
Infectious agent—bacteria, viruses, fungi
Reservoir—natural habitat of the organism
Portal of exit—point of escape for the organism
Means of transmission—direct contact, indirect contact, airborne route
Portal of entry—point at which organisms enter a new host
Susceptible host—must overcome resistance mounted by host’s defenses
Vector – non-human host (fleas, ticks, i.e.)
Vehicle (fomite) inanimate-counter, contaminated object
Infectious agent
Bacteria—most significant and most prevalent in hospital settings
Virus—smallest of all microorganisms
Fungi—plantlike organisms present in air, soil, and water
Possible Reservoirs for Microorganisms
Other humans
Soil
Food, water, milk
Inanimate objects
Animals
Factors Affecting an Organism’s Potential to Produce Disease
Number of organisms
Virulence
Competence of person’s immune system
Length and intimacy of contact between person and microorganism
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
The Centers for Disease Control And Prevention
CDC Website: http://www.cdc.gov/
Teach About Infection Control
Washing hands before preparing food and before eating
Preparing foods at temperatures high enough to ensure they are safe to eat
Washing hands, cutting boards, and utensils with hot, soapy water before and after handling
raw poultry and meat.
Keeping food refrigerated, especially those containing mayonnaise
Washing raw fruits and vegetables before serving them
Using pasteurized milk and fruit juices
Washing hands after using the bathroom
Using individual personal care items, such as wash cloths, towels, and toothbrushes, rather
than sharing.
Modes of Transmission
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
Things to Think About
How have public sectors contributed to preventing the spread of infection???
What about hospital emergency departments???
What can you do???
What does the nurse do???
Everyone should cover their mouth when they sneeze or cough in order to prevent the spread of
infectious diseases.
Isolation = Transmission Based Precautions
Follow agency guidelines and policies
Identify Risks/Potential Factors
Label Client Rooms per policy
Teach client’s family, visitors
Using Appropriate Technique
Medical Asepsis (Clean Technique)
Surgical Asepsis (Surgical Technique)
Use of Surgical Asepsis
Operating room, labor and delivery areas
Certain diagnostic testing areas
Patient bedside
For example, for procedures that involve insertion of urinary catheter, sterile dressing
changes, or preparing and injecting medicine
Medical Asepsis
Wash Hands
Mild soap and warm water
Antimicrobial Foam or Alcohol Foam
Promote hygiene
Wear Gloves!
If gloves become soiled or torn, change immediately
Use separate clean gloves for each client encounter
Neutropenic Precautions (Immunocompromised)
Restrict visitors and health care workers with colds
Dedicated equipment when possible
No fresh flowers
Food should be cooked. (no raw fruit or vegetables)