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Kingdoms of the Early Middle Ages – Part I: The Early Islamic Caliphate & The Frankish Kingdoms (Circa 600 AD – 771 AD) The Arabian Peninsula o Bedouins o Hejaz o Mecca o Kabah (Kabaa) o Quraish Birth of Islam o Muhammad Orphaned Khadija Fatima o 610 - Visions Allah The Archangel Gabriel Day of Judgment o 622 - Flees Mecca Hijra Medina (Yathrib) Capital o 622 - 624 – Trade War with Mecca o 630 – Return Rededication of Kabah o 632 – Muhammad’s death Islamic Doctrine o “Islam” - “submission to God (Allah)” o Qur’an o Hadith o Sunna o Abraham (Ibrahim) & Jesus o Five Pillars of Islam There is one god, and Muhammad is his prophet Prayer 5 times daily Fasting, and observance of Dietary prohibitions Almsgiving to the poor If possible, must make a pilgrimage to Mecca The Early Caliphate o Abu Bakr Khalifat ar-Rasul Allah Deputy of God’s Messenger Caliph o Umar (Omar) o Battle of Yarmuk - 636 o Conquests: Mesopotamia – 638 Syria & Palestine – 640 Egypt – 642 Persia – 650 o Conversion or Tax o Uthman o Umayya o Ali o Civil War o Shi’ites (Shi’a) o Sunni Sunna Umayyad Dynasty o Founded Circa 661 o Muawiyah The Governor of Syria o Damascus o Afghanistan to Spain Territorial Peak Franks o Carolingian (Karling) Carolus or Charles Pippinid o Pippin I (Circa 640) Pepin the Elder Mayor of the Palace Majordomo o Pippin II (r. 687 – 714) Pepin the Middle Pepin of Herstal Dux et Princeps Francorum Duke and Prince of the Franks o Land = Power o Charles “The Hammer” Martel 718-741 Campaigns Saxons Frisians Almanni Bavarians o Iberian Peninsula (Spain) End of Visigothic Kingdom - 711 Al-Andalus / Andalusia “Moorish Spain” Moors/Berbers o Battle of Tours / Battle of Poitiers – 732 Importance? Charles & the Church The Church o East-West Divisions o Iconoclasm - 726 Icons Byzantine Emperor Leo III o Caesaropapism Caesar & Pope o Disputed doctrines Purgatory Marriage Vernacular The Franks o Pippin III Pepin the Short Pope deposes Last Merovingian King Pippin’s Coronation Pippin Vs. Lombards Pope Stephen II “Patrician of the Romans” Papal States Pippin dies – 768 Carloman (Dies 771) Charles (Charlemagne)