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Problem Pride or Self-sufficiency 4- the sense that I can get along just fine without God. Solution Submission to Allah, specifically absolute obedience to Allah Technique Quran stresses on faith and Orthopraxy (right actions) as the path to Paradise Orthopraxy: Praying daily, charity, Fasting, Exemplar Prophet Mohammad was a perfect role model. Religious leaders (Imam) and the Muslim community 1. Ritual Salat: They are required in response to the adhan (invitation) to stop whatever they are doing and step into a sacred time of prayer as they face Mecca and pray at dawn, noon, midafternoon, sunset and night Hajj (Pilgrimage): If they are physically and financially capable of, they are expected to go once in a lifetime on a pilgrimage to Mecca Sawm: They observe sawm (fasting) during the month long Ramadan, wherein they abstain from eating, drinking, sex and smoking from dawn to dusk. Narrative Allah, the God • • • • Muhammad: Monotheism. Singular, absolute and transcendent. Beyond gender May be referred to by 99 other names such as: All Compassionate, The Majestic, The Compeller, The guardian, and The Keeper of Faith • Prophet and a perfect role model • When he was 40 yrs old, an angel of God came to visit the uneducated Muhammad in a cave on Mt. Hira and commanded him to “recite”, which is what he did till his death. • After his death, conflicts of who should succeed him lead to the emergence of two branches- Sunni and Shia. By the 7th centaury, the movement had spread across the Arabian Peninsular, North Africa, South-eastern Europe, Afghanistan and India. Jihad • • • Life after death • • Refers to struggle. Muslims recognize two kings of struggle: the spiritual struggle against pride and self-sufficiency; and the physical struggle against the ‘enemies of Islam’. Many Islamic devotees have condemned and apologized for the extremist interpretation of Jihad and have stressed on it’s spiritual interpretation. The Quran repeats vivid warnings of horrors expected for those who refuse to submit to Allah, stresses a life of wonder that awaits those who are faithful Experiential Swam During Ramadan, abstain from eating, drinking, fasting smoking, and sex from dawn until sunset Ramadan concludes with Idal-Fitr, a fastbreaking festival that brings families together to eat, pray and exchange gifts. Charity Typically, Muslims are obliged to give 2.5% of (zakat) most of their assets, (excluding personal possessions) above a subsistence level (nisab) Pray 5 times/d ay Hijab While facing Mecca. Their prayers include an exaltation and blessing of Allah and a prayer for peace upon the righteous servants of Allah Women are usually required to wear a head covering (hijab) Institutional 2 Muslim groups: the Sunnis and the Shias. •Shia centralizes social, political and religious authority to the Imam, their leader, a direct descendent of Mohammad •Sunnis decentralize social, political authority to caliphs (Muslim leaders) and religious authority to the Muslim community as a whole Ethical Shariah, the Muslim law dictates laws pertaining to all aspects of life- family, society, economics and politics. It includes rituals, ethics, criminal laws, taxations and public policies. 5 pillars: Doctrinal “Shahadah” for the creed that testifies to the existence of only one God and his messenger, Muhammad and professes people’s faith to God “Salat” for daily prayers “Zakat” for charity “Sawm” for fasting during “Hiji” for pilgrimage to Mecca Quran Material Hadith Both contain accounts of words and deeds of Muhammad