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THE Rise of ISlam A history of the Muslim people Life in the Desert • Life of the Bedouins, nomads, was centered around clans and tribes • Prided themselves on self defense and taking care of their flocks • With the development of trade with the silk road caravans brought new products and new ideas Origin of Islam • Mecca was a major trade center and holy city assiated with Abraham but had become a Ka’aba, church, for over 360 gods • god was called Allah • Muhammad was born to a powerful tribe in 570 AD • Orphaned at 6 • Trader, married at 25 Muslims • Muhammad believed an angel told him to follow 1 god, Allah, and abandon all others • Islam- submission to the will of Allah • Muslim- one who has submitted • Left Mecca fearing death and moved to Yathrib, later called Medina-City of the Prophet Conquest of the Region • Many tribes converted and Mohammad became a political, religious and military leader • Brought 10,000 followers to take Mecca • Mecca gave up and • converted to Islam in the Ka’aba all the idols were destroyed • 2 years later at the age of 62, Mohammad dies Beliefs and Practices • One god, accountable for actions and judged • All beliefs are found in the Qur’an • Follow 5 Pillars – Faith- one god is Allah – Prayer-5 times a day facing Mecca – Alms-money for poor as a tax – Fasting-no food/drink from dawn to dusk during holy month – Pilgrimage-go to Mecca one in your life Spread of Islam • Religion required all teaching be in Arabic leading to spread of language • Abu-Bakr- close friend of Muhammad to over as leader and became first Caliph • Tribes began to leave Islam and not pay tax • Military force was used to bring them back • Continued to conquer areas from Africa to Persia and India • Claimed that their victories showed Allah was on their side Power Struggles • Civil wars and murder of leaders • Umayyad family took control, move capital to Damascus and focused on wealth and left simple life • Lead to a split over leadership – Shi’a-leader must be related to Muhammad – Sunni-leader must only follow his example – Sufi- group like monks but for Islam Abbasids Leadership • Drove out Umayyad to Spain • Taxed land, imports, exports and NON Muslims’ wealth • Sent diplomats all over region • Could not control all empire lead to small states forming • Fatimid Dynasty- daughter of Muhammad, spread across Africa • Uniformed money, language lead to banking and sakk, Checks across empire