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Aim: What factors contributed to the rise and spread of Islam? I. Arabian Peninsula a) Harsh desert b) Bedouins: nomads that herded camels and goats c) Clans were the basis of society d) Led by Sheikh: the patriarch of a tribe or family e) Strife and rivalry between clans II. Muhammad a) Born 570 CE in Mecca a leading commercial center b) Founder of Islam c) 610 has his first revelation, met an angel Gabriel d) considered a prophet of God III. Mecca to Medina a) In Mecca he was seen as a threat b) Muhammad’s flight from Mecca and to Medina in 622 called the Hijra c) Organizes the umma: Islamic communities that accept him as a messenger d) 629 mawali: non-Arab converts to Islam e) 630 makes trip back to Mecca f) 632 dies without a successor...But all of Arabia is under Muslim control IV. Beliefs of Islam a) Monotheistic b) Allah the one true god c) Koran or Quran the Islamic holy book d) Shariah: The code of law based on the Koran. e) Five Pillars of Islam: Faith in Allah, Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca, Fasting: daylight hours of Ramadan, Give Alms: charity and the Hajj: one pilgrimage to Mecca during lifetime V. After Muhammad’s Death i. 632: Abu Bakr becomes first caliph or successor of Muhammad ii. 634 Arabia under the caliph’s control iii. Caliph was a spiritual leader of Islam iv. Issue of succession caused division