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The Rise of Islam The Crescent moon had become a symbol for Islam. It is associated with the new moon that begins each month with the Islamic Lunar Calendar Geography Arabian Peninsula Hot, dry, west-coast – mountains, desert conditions. How would it affect the development of society, trade, economics and culture? Most settlements were on the coast. Trade by boats Probably wouldn’t go through peninsula, there’s nothing there! Oasis – small strip of fertile land in the desert Water was a luxury!! Early Bedouins people living on the Arabian Peninsula Desert nomads who were organized by tribes and clans (kinrelated clans) Shaykhs – leader of a Bedouin Tribe Free warriors - carried out dictates of Shaykhs; families made up majority of clan Slave Families – remnants of rival clans defeated in war Clans constantly fought each other over water, honor, etc. Mecca Important stop along the trade routes Location of Ka’aba Founded by Umayyad clan of the Ouraysh tribe house of worship Ka’aba House of worship Clans would call a truce (no fighting) Religious shrine of 360 idols – Allah was referred by some as supreme god. Culture Poetry – oral tradition Role of women – enjoyed greater freedom and higher status Religion – blend of animism/polytheism (little to do with ethics) Muhammad (570-632) Born into merchant family in Mecca Orphaned Married a wealthy widow Meditated on wealthy and poor Revelations became his teachings VS. Quran – holy book Converted people; wife st was 1 convert. (slow start) 622CE Moved to Medina – “city of the prophet” This journey came to be known as the Hijrah 630 – Muhammad returns to Mecca with his followers and destroys all of the gods in the Ka’aba Madinahs and Bedouins = first community of Muslims Military = conquered The Teachings of Muhammad Monotheistic Allah – supreme creator Provided hope for afterlife Muhammad is not divine (as Jesus is) To follow Allah’s will, you must follow the 5 pillars of Islam. What are they? Islam is a way of life – shari’ah – set of practical laws for daily life