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HUMANITIES • Wednesday – Introduction to the Renaissance PowerPoint • Thursday – Sub – reading activity • Friday – Finish Renaissance notes – Renaissance visual arts and music examples • Monday and Tuesday – Romeo and Juliet • Wednesday – Library to type rough drafts (in the 21st as well for final drafts) • Thursday – Discuss Romeo and Juliet – begin introduction to Baroque PowerPoint • Friday – Baroque visual and music examples • Monday – review Renaissance and Baroque visuals and music • Tuesday – Renaissance and Baroque test Renaissance Visual Art The Rise of Humanism • • • • The rediscovery of the culture of Ancient Greece & Rome. Belief that Man is the potential master of all things. Change of focus from the afterlife to the current life. Savonarola – “Bon-fire of the vanities” The Quest for Virtu • • • Virtu ≠ Virtue One who embraces skill in many fields, exceptional intelligence, physical daring and courage, and whose actions display these characteristics “Renaissance Man” Technology • 1440s – Moveable Type Printing – • Gunpowder imported from China – • End of Feudal Age. Prince Henry the Navigator (Portugal) – • Decreased illiteracy – people read more than the Bible Improved Compass & Astrolabe All discoveries influence the arts – people experience exotic cultures and more freedom Martin Luther &The Reformation • • • Catholic Priests sold indulgences to absolve people of sins. Luther believed that faith alone led to salvation. 95 theses on the door of Castle Church (Schlosskirche). The Great Artists of the Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci & Michelangelo Da Vinci (1452-1519) • • • 1 of 15 children – grew up in a 3 room farmhouse Illegitimate and uneducated Taught himself to speak Latin and to be ambidextrous and to write backwards Florence • • • Moved to the city at 14 Apprenticed under Andrea Barochio Works show love of nature (grew up in the country) Painting • • • Preferred new idea of oil paint Sfumato – light haze/foggy look Chiaroscuro – play of light and dark/shadow to create contrast and emphasis Inventiveness • • • • Painting, sculpture, architecture, engineering, military science, botany, geology, anatomy, aerodynamics, and optics Science – weapons inventor, parachute, helicopter, Waterwheel Math – loved Geometry (triangles) Planned to write a book on Anatomy but was never able (dissected at least 30 people) Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) • • • Lived most of his life in Florence Summoned to Medici house at 14 Studied the statuary in their gardens Sculpture • • • • First great work in Rome – Pieta The “giant” – David Like Ancient Greeks and Romans, he idealized beauty and perfect human form Contraposto – twisted shoulders while the hips remain frontal Painting • • • Influenced by his sculpture Humans feel 3-D Looks more like a carving than painting Architecture • • Dome of Saint Peter’s Basilica of Rome Inspiration for the dome of our Capitol Building Renaissance Music Music Before the Renaissance • • • Music was strictly regulated by the church Instruments were very rare Most songs were Gregorian Chant Polyphony • A musical texture consisting of two or more independent melodic voices. Two Thoughts on Polyphony • Pope (Rome) – – – – Obstructs words Frivolous Associated with pagan rites Clashing notes labeled as evil • Antipope (Avignon) – – Musical Innovation Pleasing Sound Counterpoint • • the relationship between two or more voices that are independent in contour and rhythm, and interdependent in harmony Basically, it is how notes work together Palestrina • • • One of the most famous composers of the 16th century. His music was the perfect example of Renaissance Counterpoint “Sicut Cervus” – “As the Heart” Secular Music! • • • Music performed outside of the church Most popular – Madrigals Fa, la, la! Renaissance Theatre Commedia Dell’arte • • • • • • Italian Renaissance Whose Line is it Anyway Touring groups Used characters instantly recognizable to era audiences Had basic plot outlines/improvised dialogue/used costumes, masks, and movements that made their character recognizable Stock characters – stereotypical characters Elizabethan Theatre • • • • • Late English Renaissance Changes to theatre – love of language & poetry Actors became professionals Permanent theatre buildings (Globe) William Shakespeare most notable playwright William Shakespeare – The basics • • • • Thought to be born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford-uponAvon Died April 23, 1616 Considered to be the best writer in the English language Surviving works: 38 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 long narrative poems, and several other poems Shakespeare’s style • • • • Blank Verse – Poetry with meter but no rhyme Iambic Pentameter – 10 syllables to a line, every other syllable stressed. Double Entendre – A word or phrase with two meanings Soliloquy – A speech made by a character to himself or to the audience. The Globe theatre • • • First theatre built by actors, for actors (important to the change in theater) Theatre where the majority of Shakespeare’s works were originally performed Exact size unknown – The original theatre burned down. It was replaced, and the replacement was destroyed to make room for housing The authorship debate • • • There are many who believe that William Shakespeare did not actually write any plays. Other authors may be: – Francis Bacon – Christopher Marlowe – William Stanley – Edward de Vere Reasons – No history – Will – Vocabulary 29,000 words – Commoner/education – William Shakspere Renaissance Dance Dance in the Court • • • • • Invented by rulers, kings, and aristocrats for their entertainment Displayed social etiquette Everyone was expected to learn to dance. Fit both Ceremonial and Recreational purposes. Took both secular and religious meaning Common Dance • • Less formal than court dance. Fits both Ceremonial and Recreational purposes. Thoinot Arbeau • • Wrote Orchésographie, a manual with detailed instructions for numerous styles of dance First use of dance tabulations, a significant innovation in dance notation 5-6 sentence summary