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General Physics EXAM STUDY GUIDE FORMAT: Semester 2 2009 Barnard / Dominic Multiple choice (scantron) - questions will require calculations, interpretation of diagrams and concepts. Exam counts 10% of your semester grade Topics: Newton’s laws of motion, energy, center of mass, impulse and momentum, circular motion, waves & wireless technology Bring a calculator to the exam You must turn in your textbook when you take your exam WHAT TO DO: 1) For each topic, make a list of all quantities, their symbols and units 2) Make a list of all equations that model each topic 3) Make up example problems to solve for each variable (one at a time!) in the equations. 4) Review textbook chapters: 4, 7-9, 13, 25 (sec.1-8), 26 (sec. 5-8) 37 (sec. 7-8) look at the Summary; Review questions and Think and Explain questions for each chapter. 5) Review your test corrections 6) Review your class notes, worksheets, labs 7) Organize the terms (reverse side) by topic and make a concept map of the ideas for each topic Universal Gravitation (Ch. 10) Describe the Cavendish experiment and explain why it was so important. What does and does not cause gravitational attraction between two objects? Do problems that show how the force of gravity between two objects changes if • one or both of their masses change • the distance between them changes • the distance between them AND their masses change Forces and Newton’s Laws of Motion Be able to draw force diagrams for 3rd law pairs of objects and identify the shared force(s) between these objects. Be able to draw or recognize force diagrams for an object in a state of rest, constant velocity, or acceleration. Understand what happens to an object as long as a net force is acting on it. Understand the difference between weight, mass, and gravitational field strength. Be able to calculate these quantities. Understand what the slope of a Net force vs. acceleration graph means. Center of Mass Be able to determine the speed of the center of mass of a system of 2 objects. Distinguish between stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium and be able to explain why object topple. Momentum and Impulse Define momentum and distinguish between momentum, mass, and velocity. Distinguish momentum from change in momentum. Define impulse and distinguish between impulse and net force. Understand how to calculate impulse from a Net force vs. time graph. Describe the relationship between impulse and momentum. Use the concepts of impulse and momentum to explain "cushioning" and other effects. State and apply the Law of Conservation of Momentum. Relate the concepts of impulse, momentum, and the Law of Conservation of Momentum to concepts of acceleration, net force and mass. Energy Be able to identify types of energy that are transferred between objects (kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, dissipated). Draw energy bar charts that describe energy transfers between objects at different points in time. Write and solve conservation of energy problems that are consistent with these bar chart diagrams. State and apply the Law of Conservation of Energy. Distinguish between total energy and change in energy Understand what the slope of a kinetic energy vs. velocity squared graph means. Circular Motion Distinguish average velocity from instantaneous velocities (such as initial and final velocities) and from change in velocity. Be able to draw and recognize correct force diagrams for objects moving in a curved path. Be able to calculate velocity, centripetal acceleration and net force for an object moving in a circular path. For a person on a roller coaster, be able to calculate the normal force at hills, valleys and loops. Waves and Wireless technology Understand how magnets and wires can generate an electric current (electromagnetic induction). Understand what is vibrating in a mechanical wave (sound) compared to an EM wave. Give examples of mechanical waves and EM waves. Identify parts of a wave such as amplitude and wavelength. Calculate wave quantities such as wavelength, period, frequency, velocity. Know the speed of electromagnetic waves through space = c Understand what causes objects to resonate. Explain how resonance relates to sound and wireless technology Understand how wireless devices send and receive signals. Semester 2 Vocabulary AM FM Amplitude Analog signal Antenna Bar code Binary code average velocity c cell tower centripetal acceleration change in momentum change in velocity circular motion coil of wire conservation of energy conservation of momentum constant speed constant velocity cycles per second Digital signal dissipated energy elastic potential energy electromagnetic wave energy bar charts equilibrium force force diagram Frequency friction force gravitational acceleration gravitational field strength gravitational force gravitational potential energy harmonic hertz (kilo-, mega-, giga-) impulse inertia instantaneous velocity Joule Kilogram Kilogram meter per second Kilogram meter per second squared kinetic energy linear acceleration magnet Mass Meter per second Meter per second squared momentum Natural frequency net force Newtons Newton/kilogram Newton second Newton meter Normal force Period Pitch Pulse Radio wave Resonance Standing wave Slope Sound wave tension force vibration Wave Wave speed Wavelength Weight