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Introduction to Biochemistry Chemistry and Living Things Large molecules support cell functions • In living things, there are four main types of large molecules: – Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids • Made of smaller repeating units • All contain carbon atoms. Each macromolecule is a polymer made of unique monomers Carbohydrates • Provide the cell with energy • Sugars bonded together into larger carbohydrate molecules • Inside cells, the sugar molecules are broken down. This releases energy. Lipids • Fats, oils, and waxes • Cannot mix with water • Used by cells for: – energy – Support and structure • Cellular membrane: lipid bilayer Proteins • Amino acids join together into longer chains • Order of amino acids that determines the function of the protein • Your body gets amino acids from proteins in food. • Enzymes – Control chemical reactions Nucleic Acids • 2 Types – DNA – RNA • Hold instructions for maintenance, growth, and reproduction • Made of smaller units called nucleotides Macromolecule Stations • In the groups you are sitting in, decide which individual will collect information about which molecule (there are only four, so two people might be doing the same one). • Once decided, those individuals will go to their respective macromolecule station and fill in the chart. • Tomorrow, the individuals will report back to their group with the information they collected. Macromolecule Stations • Today you will be reporting back to your groups the information you collected yesterday. Be sure you get every piece of information that you can. DO NOW • Take out water lab from yesterday. • Open your notebook ready to take notes. • Reminders: – Extra Credit Due Thursday – Water Lab due Friday Two-thirds of every cell is water • All of the chemical reactions inside the cell take place in water. • A water molecule consists of two atoms of hydrogen bonded to one atom of oxygen (H2O). • Water molecule has a slight positive charge near the hydrogen atoms and a slight negative charge near the oxygen atoms. Water is polar Living things are made mostly of…. Water is the Universal Solvent • Many substances dissolve in water, but not all – Lipids, like oil • Most lipids do not dissolve in water • Cell membranes are made up of lipids • Two parts: – Water-loving head – Water-hating tails