Download Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

Italy: Birthplace of the
Renaissance
Standard(s)
SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in
the Renaissance and Reformation.
Why Florence?
Who were Machiavelli, Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo?
What is humanism?
EQ: What factors led to Italy being the birthplace of the
Renaissance?
Vocabulary: Renaissance, humanism, secular, patron,
Renaissance man, the Medici
Agenda
Warm Up: The Renaissance was a time of great
creativity. Describe ways you show your own creativity.
Survey/Share.
Renaissance Notes
Identify and place in order of importance the
characteristics of the Italian city-states that helped
create the Renaissance.
Establish an opinion about the Medicis that is
supported by facts.
How did Humanism influence Renaissance ideas?
Why did church leaders and wealthy merchants support
the arts?
The Italian Renaissance
The word Renaissance
means “rebirth.”
Occurred between 1300 and
1600.
Began in Northern Italy (a
natural gateway between
east and west) and spread to
the rest of Europe.
Revival of the classical
traditions of the Greeks and
Romans.
Why did the Renaissance begin
in Italy?
Italy had a tremendous amount of overseas trade.
Thriving cities (urban areas where ideas can be freely
shared).
There was a wealthy merchant class as a result of new
banking and manufacturing.
Access to the classical heritage of Greece and Rome
Characteristics of the Renaissance
The Renaissance was an age of
recovery from disasters of the 14th
century.
(Black Death)
Challenged medieval intellectual
values and styles.
As a result of this new view of
human beings, people began to place
an emphasis on individual ability.
Cultural reawakening.
Society focused on the secular or
worldly rather than the spiritual.
The Italian States
The major Italian city-states were Milan, Venice, and
Florence.
Italian traders conducted business with merchants from the
Islamic world to as far away as England and the
Netherlands.
Milan was the richest of the trading cities.
All three major city-states were run by powerful
merchant/aristocrat families.
Identify and place in order of importance the characteristics
of the Italian city-states that helped create the Renaissance
The Medici Family
Banking family who
ruled the city-state of
Florence.
Cosimo de Medici won
control of the gov’t by
giving large loans to the
ruling council.
Lorenzo the Magnificent
ruled following his
fathers death as a
dictator but kept up the
appearance of an elected
gov’t.
Humanism
An intellectual movement based upon the study of the classics of
Greece and Rome.
Focused on humankind as the center of intellectual and artistic
endeavor. Emphasized human potential and achievements
Humanists studied the liberal arts -- grammar, rhetoric, poetry and
philosophy.
Encouraged citizens to take an active role in their government.
Had a profound effect on education.
Humanist Influences
Restoration of the original texts of Greco-Roman writers and
the Bible.
Focused on eliminating errors by monk scribes.
Enhanced by new printing technology:
Moveable type
New ink suitable for printing on paper
Printing press
Renaissance writers introduced the idea that educated people
were expected strive to master almost every area of study.
A man who excelled in many fields was praised as a
“universal man.” Later ages called such people
“Renaissance men.”
Standard(s)
SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in the
Renaissance and Reformation.
Why Florence?
Who were Machiavelli, Leonardo Da Vinci and
Michelangelo?
What is humanism?
EQ: In what ways did art change during the Renaissance?
Vocabulary: perspective, vernacular, secular, patron, Leonardo
da Vinci, Raphael Sanzio, Michelangelo Buonarroti,
Machiavelli, utopia
Warm Up: Interact with History p. 470
Agenda
Warm Up: Interact with History p. 470
Renaissance Notes
Identify and place in order of importance the
characteristics of the Italian city-states that helped
create the Renaissance.
Establish an opinion about the Medicis that is
supported by facts.
How did Humanism influence Renaissance ideas?
Why did church leaders and wealthy merchants support
the arts?
Literature
Many authors choose to abandon
the use of Latin in literature and
focused on the local vernacular to
write their works.
In the 14th century Dante and
Geoffrey Chaucer helped make
vernacular language more
popular.
The Divine Comedy
Guide was Roman classical poet
Virgil
Greco-Roman themes & writing
in the vernacular
Francesco Petrarch
“Father of Humanism”
Explored the glories and personal
achievements of man
Emphasized secular not religious
subjects
Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales
Education in the Renaissance
The Renaissance saw the
development of printing in
Europe.
Johannes Gutenberg’s
printing press played a major
role in the advancement of
education during the Era.
The printing of books
encouraged scholarly
research and the desire to gain
knowledge.
Art and Architecture
Stressed more secular subjects in
literature & art
More realistic portrayals of people &
nature
Painting turned to realism from
medieval formalism and stiffness
Led by painter Giotto
New Techniques
Perspective
New colors
Oil paints (more luster to
paintings)
Return to Greco-Roman
styles
Leonardo da Vinci
Personified the ideal
“Renaisance Man”
Not only a jack-of-all-trades,
but also a master of many
Military engineer, anatomist,
botanist
Self-taught
Raphael
Famous for his many
paintings of the Madonna
Fresco The School of Athens
Depicts Plato and Aristotle
surrounded by philosophy
and science
Michelangelo
4 different popes commissioned works by him
Sistine Chapel commissioned by Pope Julius II
10,000 square feet, 343 figures (1/2 of which
are 10 feet in height)
Took 4 years to complete
David
18 feet tall
Perfect example of the Renaissance artists
devotion to harmony, symmetry, and
proportion
Architecture
Gothic Style gave way to Greco-Roman
style incorporating domes & columns
Brunelleschi
Florence Cathedral considered pinnacle
of Renaissance architecture
Modified a design to support the
expansive weight of the dome
Patronage
Patrons
Wealthy and educated merchants
Commissioned art & sponsored cultural
activities
Cosimo de Medici and his son Lorenzo
Greatest of all patrons
Church also source of commissions
Papacy launched a building program
culminating in St. Peter’s Basilica
Renaissance and Politics
Niccolo Machiavelli
Served as a diplomat for Florence.
Wrote The Prince on political power.
Emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and
maintain power
The end justifies the means
Being feared is more important than being loved if a
leader has to choose between the two.
Many writers of the time stressed ethics and
Christian moral principles.
Machiavelli was the first to abandon morality as the
basis of political activity.
Politically effective rather than morally right.