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Ancient Rome Virtual Museum
Room 1:
Technology
Room 3:
Roman
Leaders and
Gods
Room 2:
Roman Map
and Timeline
Artifact
1: Technology
Museum Entrance
Welcome to the Lobby
Room 4:
Entertainment
Name of Museum
Room 1: Roman
Technology
Artifact 2:
Aqueducts
Artifact 3:
Sewers
Artifact 4:
Bathhouses
Name of Museum
Room 2: Roman
Map/Timeline
Artifact 5:
Roman Map
Artifact 6:
Roman
Timeline
Name of Museum
Room 3: Roman Leaders
and Gods
Artifact 7:
Roman Leaders
Artifact 8:
Roman
Gods/Goddesses
Artifact 9:
Roman Army
Name of Museum
Room 4: Entertainment
Artifact 10:
Gladiators
Artifact 11:
Entertainment
Artifact 1: Roman Technology
Name of Museum
Back to the Lobby
Artifact 2: Aqueducts
Name of Museum
The Roman Aqueduct at Nimes, France. Built in
the 1st Century A.D.
The Romans were great builders and the mighty Roman Towns needed a mighty
water supply to keep the people clean and to drink. Rome itself used vast
quantities of water. Ten great aqueducts with a total length of five hundred
kilometres brought enough water for the million inhabitants to use an average
of one thousand litres a day each!! Most of the water was used in public baths,
for the ordinary citizens and the private baths of the rich. The water supply and
drainage did not go to the upper floors of the houses so dirty water (and waste!)
was emptied from the windows into the street.
Strangers from distant parts of the Empire always admired two things above all
in the Roman towns: the water supply and the drains. The Romans were very
skilled builders and engineers, although they worked in stone, brick and
concrete where as we now use iron and steel as well. The water mains or
AQUEDUCTS (Aque=water, Duct=carry) were often many miles long from clean
water sources away from the towns. The water flowed in a pipe that was very
nearly level (the pipe would drop 24 feet in every mile). Where the land dipped
sharply the water pipe would be carried on a bridge with many arches, many of
which still survive in Europe.
The story was somewhat different on Roman Britain, where aqueducts were not
needed as water could be found almost anywhere in rivers or wells. But in the
long dry summers of Spain and Italy it must have seemed like a miracle to have
clean, cool and fresh water flowing out at public fountains and taps. It was even
laid on onto private houses in the towns, much as ours is today.
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Artifact 3: Sewers
The Romans built public and private toilets and these are found all over the empire. These toilets
had well designed drainage systems to carry away the sewage. In Rome itself there were miles of
Name of Museum
sewers that carried the waste to the river Tiber where it flowed out to sea.
Water pipes, drains and toilets all go together. In Roman towns there were drains laid along all of
the streets and joined together with sewers to carry off the rain water and sewage. The many
public toilets all had neat stone seats and even a hand basin. Although the way they were laid out
meant you were sat side by side with up to twenty other people!! In Rome itself the sewers were
massive (think of the “waste” that 1,000,000 people can produce!) and flowed out through the
Clocia Maxia into the river Tiber. A friend of Emperor Augustus once had himself rowed through
the sewers in a boat. These sewers must have been smelly as even the Romans couldn’t bring
enough water to wash out the sewers properly. Roman drains were built to last and York still uses
a section of Roman sewer, still doing its’ job after nearly 2000 years when the Victorian sewer
around it is crumbling.
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Artifact
4:ofBathhouses
Name
Museum
Click on the link below to explore an Ancient Roman Bathhouse
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/roman/day.html
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Artifact 5:
Ancient Roman Map
Name of Museum
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Artifact 6: Roman TimelineName of Museum
Timeline of Ancient Rome
ca. 1200 BCE Latins migrate to Italy
ca. 1000 BCE Etruscans migrate to Italy
ca. 1000-800 BCE
Settlements established on the Palatine Hill
753 BCE
Legendary founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus
ca. 750 BCE
Greeks migrate to Italy
509 BCE
Etruscan kings overthrown under leadership of Lucius Junius Brutus, founder of the Roman Republic
450 BCE
The Twelve Tables -- Rome's first written laws
265 BCE
Rome controls all of the Italian peninsula
264-241 BCE First Punic War
218-201 BCE Second Punic War
149-146 BCE Third Punic War
133 BCE
Rome the sole power in the Mediterranean
133 BCE
Tiberius Gracchus murdered after suggesting land reform
123 BCE
Gaius Gracchus murdered after seeking reforms
60-53 BCE
First Triumvirate
59 BCE
Julius Caesar elected consul
58-51 BCE
Caesar's conquest of Gaul
48 BCE
Caesar defeats Pompey in Greece
45 BCE
Caesar has military victories in Asia Minor, Egypt, northern Africa, and Spain
44 BCE
Caesar assassinated on the Ides of March
31 BCE
Octavian's forces defeat Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium
30 BCE-14 CE Age of Augustus (Octavian)
27 BCE-180 CE
Pax Romana—the Roman Peace
14-476 CE
Rule of the later Roman emperors
476 CE
Fall of the Western Roman Empire as last emperor, Romulus Augustus, deposed by a barbarian invader, Odoacer
527-565 CE Emperor Justinian reigns in the East and establishes the Code of Justinian
1453
Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) to the Ottoman Turks
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Artifact 7: Roman Leaders
Diocletian
Date of Reign: CE 285–305
Name ofDiocletian
Museum
was born into a poor family in the Roman province of Illyria.
Nero
Dates of Reign: CE 54–68
During the early years of his reign, he was wisely advised by the
philosopher Seneca. Nero had governors charged if they abused
their powers, did not allow gladiators to fight to the death, and
refused to engage in war except for defense. He improved public
order, to guard against forgery, and to reform the treasury
procedures.
In 64 C.E., a major fire ravaged Rome, destroying the homes of
many of the poor. Nero blamed the fire on Christians and carried
out the first persecutions of Christians, killing hundreds, including
the apostles Peter and Paul.
As Nero’s reign deteriorated, rebellions broke out throughout the
Empire in protest. Becoming frustrated, Nero eventually
committed suicide in CE 68.
The fact that he was able to rise to become Emperor reflects the changes
that had occurred in Roman governments since the time of Augustus.
Through careful leadership and the imposition of harsh controls,
Diocletian was able to delay the collapse of the Roman Empire. During his
20 years as Emperor, he governed as an autocrat, without either advice or
consent from the Senate.
In CE 293, Diocletian decided the Roman Empire was too extensive to be
ruled by one person. He divided it into two parts: he controlled the
Eastern provinces, and assigned the
rule of the Western provinces to Maximian.
His attempts to impose one religion on
all the people of the Roman Empire in hopes of promoting unity failed.
When Christians, choosing to remain loyal to their religion, refused to
worship the gods of the state as Diocletian insisted, thousands were put to
death.
Caesar Augustus (aka Octavian)
Dates of Reign: 30 BC- 14 CE
As the first Roman emperor (though he never claimed the title for himself), Augustus led Rome’s transformation from republic to empire during
the tumultuous years following the assassination of his great-uncle and adoptive father Julius Caesar. He shrewdly combined military might,
institution-building and lawmaking to become Rome’s sole ruler, laying the foundations of the 200-year Pax Romana (Roman Peace).
Julius Caesar
Dates of Reign: 47 BC-44 BC
Caesar was a general who added the whole of modern France and Belgium to the Roman empire, and making Rome safe from the possibility of
Gallic invasions. He made two expeditions to Britain, in 55 BC and 54 BC.
Caesar then returned to Italy, disregarding the authority of the senate and famously crossing the Rubicon river without disbanding his army. In
the ensuing civil war Caesar defeated the republican forces. Caesar was now master of Rome and made himself consul and dictator. He used his
power to carry out much-needed reform, relieving debt, enlarging the senate, building the Forum Iulium and revising the calendar. Dictatorship
was always regarded a temporary position but in 44 BC, Caesar took it for life. His success and ambition alienated strongly republican senators.
A group of these, led by Cassius and Brutus, assassinated Caesar on the Ides (15) of March 44 BC
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Artifact 8: Name
Roman
Gods/Goddesses
of Museum
Pantheon
Dedicated to all the gods, the
Pantheon is one of the best
preserved Roman temples.
The Pantheon is considered
to be one of the greatest
architectural structures from
ancient times. Finished in
125 AD by Roman emperor
Hadrian, the Pantheon is one
of the oldest standing
structures in Rome today.
Click on the link below to learn about the gods and goddesses of Ancient Rome:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/romans/religion/
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Artifact 9: Roman Army
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The Romans managed to conquer so many countries because they had such a good army. The
Emperor used the army to protect Rome and to control the people it had conquered. Some
soldiers were away from their families for long periods of time
When a soldier had served in the army for 25 years he could become a citizen of Rome.
Organization of the Army
The army was organized in a very simple way: 800 Legionnaires (Roman Citizens who were in the
army) would form a Legion. The Legion would be split into centuries (80 men) controlled by a
Centurion. The centuries would then be divided into smaller groups with different jobs to
perform.
Roman soldiers had to be tough. They were expected to march up to 20 miles per day in line,
wearing all their armor and carrying their food and tents. Roman soldiers were trained to fight
well and to defend themselves. If the enemy shot arrows at them they would use their shields to
surround their bodies and protect themselves.
They fought with short swords, daggers for stabbing and a long spear for throwing. They also
carried a shield for protection as well as wearing armor.
Watch the video below about the Roman Army
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDulxa6mA_A
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Artifact 10: Gladiators
Name of Museum
Romans liked watching other people die. They thought that was fun. They also believed that their gods liked gladiatorial fights, so that going to
the fights was a sort of religious experience as well as being fun. Many Roman people went to big amphitheaters (like our football stadiums
today) to see professionals fight (like boxers today). You went early in the morning, and paid for your ticket, and sat in your seat. It cost more
money for the good seats than for the bad seats, so the poor people had to sit way up top where it was hard to see.
First men in armor came out and fought against wild animals, like bears or bulls or alligators or ostriches or lions or tigers. They captured the
animals in faraway places and brought them to the stadiums specially. Then the Romans treated the animals badly to make them hungry and
mean so they would fight. Usually the men killed the animals, but sometimes the animals killed the men.
Around lunchtime there would be a break, and people would eat their lunches. While people were eating lunch, in their seats, there would be a
half-time show that sometimes had singers or dancers or a little play, or sometimes had criminals being killed. Sometimes the criminals were
just brought out and had their heads cut off or were stabbed, but other times they were tied to posts and the bears came and attacked them, or
they were pushed off a high tower, or something creative like that. Because the gods loved to see justice done, they also liked to see criminals
being killed.
After lunch sometimes there was another show, where men fought men. In big cities, these fights were to the death. The men who were fighting
were often, though not always, slaves.
Watch a clip from the movie Gladiator http://www.teachertube.com/video/gladiator-movie-262724
Amphitheater of El Djem, in Tunisia(North Africa) (the second biggest in the
Roman Empire, after the Colosseum in Rome)
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Artifact 11: Entertainment
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What did the Romans do for fun? You might find them in the amphitheater, the hippodrome or the theatre.
1. The Colosseum in Rome could seat up to 50,000 people and was the largest amphitheater in the Empire. It was here that people gathered to
see the fights between gladiators, slaves, prisoners and wild animals like lions. The Emperors encouraged people to go to see the fights as it
stopped them from being bored and criticizing their ruler. The fights were very violent and ended when the loser died. The cells where the
animals and prisoners were kept was underneath the floor of the main arena. The Colosseum even had a lift to bring them up to the arena.
2. The Circus Maximus was the largest hippodrome in Rome and could hold up to 250,000 people. Chariots were pulled by 2 - 4 horses, and were
driven seven times around the ring at extremely fast speeds. Sometimes accidents happened and drivers were often trampled to death. There
were four teams - red, white, blue and green - and fans of each team would wear their team's colors.
3. People went to one of the big theatres in Rome to watch plays. Because the audience would not stay quiet the actors had to wear costumes.
The actors wore masks - brown for men, white for women, smiling or sad depending on the type of play. The costumes showed the audience who
the person was - a purple gown for a rich man, a striped toga for a boy, a short cloak for a soldier, a red toga for a poor man, a short tunic for a
slave etc. Women were not allowed act, so their parts were normally played by a man or young boys wearing a white mask. The actors spoke the
lines, but a second actor mimed the gestures to fit the lines, such as feeling a pulse to show a sick person, making the shape of a lyre with fingers
to show music. The plays were often violent and could result in the death of an actor by mistake.
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