* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Name of Museum - South Lewis Central School
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
Structural history of the Roman military wikipedia , lookup
Alpine regiments of the Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Travel in Classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Roman architecture wikipedia , lookup
Military of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Augustus wikipedia , lookup
Slovakia in the Roman era wikipedia , lookup
Food and dining in the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republican governors of Gaul wikipedia , lookup
Education in ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Switzerland in the Roman era wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Culture of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman economy wikipedia , lookup
Roman agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Early Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Romanization of Hispania wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Rome Virtual Museum Room 1: Technology Room 3: Roman Leaders and Gods Room 2: Roman Map and Timeline Artifact 1: Technology Museum Entrance Welcome to the Lobby Room 4: Entertainment Name of Museum Room 1: Roman Technology Artifact 2: Aqueducts Artifact 3: Sewers Artifact 4: Bathhouses Name of Museum Room 2: Roman Map/Timeline Artifact 5: Roman Map Artifact 6: Roman Timeline Name of Museum Room 3: Roman Leaders and Gods Artifact 7: Roman Leaders Artifact 8: Roman Gods/Goddesses Artifact 9: Roman Army Name of Museum Room 4: Entertainment Artifact 10: Gladiators Artifact 11: Entertainment Artifact 1: Roman Technology Name of Museum Back to the Lobby Artifact 2: Aqueducts Name of Museum The Roman Aqueduct at Nimes, France. Built in the 1st Century A.D. The Romans were great builders and the mighty Roman Towns needed a mighty water supply to keep the people clean and to drink. Rome itself used vast quantities of water. Ten great aqueducts with a total length of five hundred kilometres brought enough water for the million inhabitants to use an average of one thousand litres a day each!! Most of the water was used in public baths, for the ordinary citizens and the private baths of the rich. The water supply and drainage did not go to the upper floors of the houses so dirty water (and waste!) was emptied from the windows into the street. Strangers from distant parts of the Empire always admired two things above all in the Roman towns: the water supply and the drains. The Romans were very skilled builders and engineers, although they worked in stone, brick and concrete where as we now use iron and steel as well. The water mains or AQUEDUCTS (Aque=water, Duct=carry) were often many miles long from clean water sources away from the towns. The water flowed in a pipe that was very nearly level (the pipe would drop 24 feet in every mile). Where the land dipped sharply the water pipe would be carried on a bridge with many arches, many of which still survive in Europe. The story was somewhat different on Roman Britain, where aqueducts were not needed as water could be found almost anywhere in rivers or wells. But in the long dry summers of Spain and Italy it must have seemed like a miracle to have clean, cool and fresh water flowing out at public fountains and taps. It was even laid on onto private houses in the towns, much as ours is today. Back to the Lobby Artifact 3: Sewers The Romans built public and private toilets and these are found all over the empire. These toilets had well designed drainage systems to carry away the sewage. In Rome itself there were miles of Name of Museum sewers that carried the waste to the river Tiber where it flowed out to sea. Water pipes, drains and toilets all go together. In Roman towns there were drains laid along all of the streets and joined together with sewers to carry off the rain water and sewage. The many public toilets all had neat stone seats and even a hand basin. Although the way they were laid out meant you were sat side by side with up to twenty other people!! In Rome itself the sewers were massive (think of the “waste” that 1,000,000 people can produce!) and flowed out through the Clocia Maxia into the river Tiber. A friend of Emperor Augustus once had himself rowed through the sewers in a boat. These sewers must have been smelly as even the Romans couldn’t bring enough water to wash out the sewers properly. Roman drains were built to last and York still uses a section of Roman sewer, still doing its’ job after nearly 2000 years when the Victorian sewer around it is crumbling. Back to the Lobby Artifact 4:ofBathhouses Name Museum Click on the link below to explore an Ancient Roman Bathhouse http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/roman/day.html Back to the Lobby Artifact 5: Ancient Roman Map Name of Museum Back to Room 2 Artifact 6: Roman TimelineName of Museum Timeline of Ancient Rome ca. 1200 BCE Latins migrate to Italy ca. 1000 BCE Etruscans migrate to Italy ca. 1000-800 BCE Settlements established on the Palatine Hill 753 BCE Legendary founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus ca. 750 BCE Greeks migrate to Italy 509 BCE Etruscan kings overthrown under leadership of Lucius Junius Brutus, founder of the Roman Republic 450 BCE The Twelve Tables -- Rome's first written laws 265 BCE Rome controls all of the Italian peninsula 264-241 BCE First Punic War 218-201 BCE Second Punic War 149-146 BCE Third Punic War 133 BCE Rome the sole power in the Mediterranean 133 BCE Tiberius Gracchus murdered after suggesting land reform 123 BCE Gaius Gracchus murdered after seeking reforms 60-53 BCE First Triumvirate 59 BCE Julius Caesar elected consul 58-51 BCE Caesar's conquest of Gaul 48 BCE Caesar defeats Pompey in Greece 45 BCE Caesar has military victories in Asia Minor, Egypt, northern Africa, and Spain 44 BCE Caesar assassinated on the Ides of March 31 BCE Octavian's forces defeat Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium 30 BCE-14 CE Age of Augustus (Octavian) 27 BCE-180 CE Pax Romana—the Roman Peace 14-476 CE Rule of the later Roman emperors 476 CE Fall of the Western Roman Empire as last emperor, Romulus Augustus, deposed by a barbarian invader, Odoacer 527-565 CE Emperor Justinian reigns in the East and establishes the Code of Justinian 1453 Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) to the Ottoman Turks Back to Room 2 Artifact 7: Roman Leaders Diocletian Date of Reign: CE 285–305 Name ofDiocletian Museum was born into a poor family in the Roman province of Illyria. Nero Dates of Reign: CE 54–68 During the early years of his reign, he was wisely advised by the philosopher Seneca. Nero had governors charged if they abused their powers, did not allow gladiators to fight to the death, and refused to engage in war except for defense. He improved public order, to guard against forgery, and to reform the treasury procedures. In 64 C.E., a major fire ravaged Rome, destroying the homes of many of the poor. Nero blamed the fire on Christians and carried out the first persecutions of Christians, killing hundreds, including the apostles Peter and Paul. As Nero’s reign deteriorated, rebellions broke out throughout the Empire in protest. Becoming frustrated, Nero eventually committed suicide in CE 68. The fact that he was able to rise to become Emperor reflects the changes that had occurred in Roman governments since the time of Augustus. Through careful leadership and the imposition of harsh controls, Diocletian was able to delay the collapse of the Roman Empire. During his 20 years as Emperor, he governed as an autocrat, without either advice or consent from the Senate. In CE 293, Diocletian decided the Roman Empire was too extensive to be ruled by one person. He divided it into two parts: he controlled the Eastern provinces, and assigned the rule of the Western provinces to Maximian. His attempts to impose one religion on all the people of the Roman Empire in hopes of promoting unity failed. When Christians, choosing to remain loyal to their religion, refused to worship the gods of the state as Diocletian insisted, thousands were put to death. Caesar Augustus (aka Octavian) Dates of Reign: 30 BC- 14 CE As the first Roman emperor (though he never claimed the title for himself), Augustus led Rome’s transformation from republic to empire during the tumultuous years following the assassination of his great-uncle and adoptive father Julius Caesar. He shrewdly combined military might, institution-building and lawmaking to become Rome’s sole ruler, laying the foundations of the 200-year Pax Romana (Roman Peace). Julius Caesar Dates of Reign: 47 BC-44 BC Caesar was a general who added the whole of modern France and Belgium to the Roman empire, and making Rome safe from the possibility of Gallic invasions. He made two expeditions to Britain, in 55 BC and 54 BC. Caesar then returned to Italy, disregarding the authority of the senate and famously crossing the Rubicon river without disbanding his army. In the ensuing civil war Caesar defeated the republican forces. Caesar was now master of Rome and made himself consul and dictator. He used his power to carry out much-needed reform, relieving debt, enlarging the senate, building the Forum Iulium and revising the calendar. Dictatorship was always regarded a temporary position but in 44 BC, Caesar took it for life. His success and ambition alienated strongly republican senators. A group of these, led by Cassius and Brutus, assassinated Caesar on the Ides (15) of March 44 BC Back to Room 3 Artifact 8: Name Roman Gods/Goddesses of Museum Pantheon Dedicated to all the gods, the Pantheon is one of the best preserved Roman temples. The Pantheon is considered to be one of the greatest architectural structures from ancient times. Finished in 125 AD by Roman emperor Hadrian, the Pantheon is one of the oldest standing structures in Rome today. Click on the link below to learn about the gods and goddesses of Ancient Rome: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/romans/religion/ Back to Room 3 Artifact 9: Roman Army Name of Museum The Romans managed to conquer so many countries because they had such a good army. The Emperor used the army to protect Rome and to control the people it had conquered. Some soldiers were away from their families for long periods of time When a soldier had served in the army for 25 years he could become a citizen of Rome. Organization of the Army The army was organized in a very simple way: 800 Legionnaires (Roman Citizens who were in the army) would form a Legion. The Legion would be split into centuries (80 men) controlled by a Centurion. The centuries would then be divided into smaller groups with different jobs to perform. Roman soldiers had to be tough. They were expected to march up to 20 miles per day in line, wearing all their armor and carrying their food and tents. Roman soldiers were trained to fight well and to defend themselves. If the enemy shot arrows at them they would use their shields to surround their bodies and protect themselves. They fought with short swords, daggers for stabbing and a long spear for throwing. They also carried a shield for protection as well as wearing armor. Watch the video below about the Roman Army https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDulxa6mA_A Back to Room 3 Back to Room 3 Artifact 10: Gladiators Name of Museum Romans liked watching other people die. They thought that was fun. They also believed that their gods liked gladiatorial fights, so that going to the fights was a sort of religious experience as well as being fun. Many Roman people went to big amphitheaters (like our football stadiums today) to see professionals fight (like boxers today). You went early in the morning, and paid for your ticket, and sat in your seat. It cost more money for the good seats than for the bad seats, so the poor people had to sit way up top where it was hard to see. First men in armor came out and fought against wild animals, like bears or bulls or alligators or ostriches or lions or tigers. They captured the animals in faraway places and brought them to the stadiums specially. Then the Romans treated the animals badly to make them hungry and mean so they would fight. Usually the men killed the animals, but sometimes the animals killed the men. Around lunchtime there would be a break, and people would eat their lunches. While people were eating lunch, in their seats, there would be a half-time show that sometimes had singers or dancers or a little play, or sometimes had criminals being killed. Sometimes the criminals were just brought out and had their heads cut off or were stabbed, but other times they were tied to posts and the bears came and attacked them, or they were pushed off a high tower, or something creative like that. Because the gods loved to see justice done, they also liked to see criminals being killed. After lunch sometimes there was another show, where men fought men. In big cities, these fights were to the death. The men who were fighting were often, though not always, slaves. Watch a clip from the movie Gladiator http://www.teachertube.com/video/gladiator-movie-262724 Amphitheater of El Djem, in Tunisia(North Africa) (the second biggest in the Roman Empire, after the Colosseum in Rome) Back to Room 4 Artifact 11: Entertainment Name of Museum What did the Romans do for fun? You might find them in the amphitheater, the hippodrome or the theatre. 1. The Colosseum in Rome could seat up to 50,000 people and was the largest amphitheater in the Empire. It was here that people gathered to see the fights between gladiators, slaves, prisoners and wild animals like lions. The Emperors encouraged people to go to see the fights as it stopped them from being bored and criticizing their ruler. The fights were very violent and ended when the loser died. The cells where the animals and prisoners were kept was underneath the floor of the main arena. The Colosseum even had a lift to bring them up to the arena. 2. The Circus Maximus was the largest hippodrome in Rome and could hold up to 250,000 people. Chariots were pulled by 2 - 4 horses, and were driven seven times around the ring at extremely fast speeds. Sometimes accidents happened and drivers were often trampled to death. There were four teams - red, white, blue and green - and fans of each team would wear their team's colors. 3. People went to one of the big theatres in Rome to watch plays. Because the audience would not stay quiet the actors had to wear costumes. The actors wore masks - brown for men, white for women, smiling or sad depending on the type of play. The costumes showed the audience who the person was - a purple gown for a rich man, a striped toga for a boy, a short cloak for a soldier, a red toga for a poor man, a short tunic for a slave etc. Women were not allowed act, so their parts were normally played by a man or young boys wearing a white mask. The actors spoke the lines, but a second actor mimed the gestures to fit the lines, such as feeling a pulse to show a sick person, making the shape of a lyre with fingers to show music. The plays were often violent and could result in the death of an actor by mistake. Back to Room 4 Back to Room 4