Download Chapter 9 - The Crusades 1095-1204

http://history.howstuffworks.com/middle-ages/crusades7.htm
The
Crusades
1095-1204
www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~gkt/www/crusades.jpg
• The word crusades originated from the Latin term
crux referring to cross. (Bulliet 239)
• In total, there were eight crusades.
• The first crusade was supported by Pope Urban II,
who gathered Christians and encouraged them to
fight against the Muslims.
• In the first crusade, victory pertained to the
Christians; Jerusalem was under their control.
(http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/cru1.htm)
• The Second Crusade occurred shortly after the
Muslims took over Edessa.
(http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/ferzoc
o.htm)
http://www.mcleanscotland.com/images/newtemplarfront.JPG
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King Louis of France accompanied by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine,
and Emperor Conrad III agreed to go recapture Edessa from the
Muslims.
Their attempts were futile, and after two years returned home with
defeat.
(http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/highmiddle/seco
ndcrusade.htm)
Saladin and Richard the Lionheart were one of the greatest military
leaders of this time period because of their impact in the Third
Crusade. (http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Saladin.htm)
King Richard sensed defeat while attempting to take over Jerusalem
because of the great loss of numbers of his men, no food or water, and
no resources with which to attack the city. (http://www.middleages.org.uk/the-third-crusade.htm)
In 1192, Richard and Saladin signed a truce allowing pilgrims from the
West to visit the City with no troubles from the Muslims.
(http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Saladin.htm)
http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351images/innocentx.jpg
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Pope Innocent recruited men for the Fourth Crusade believing after
Saladin’s death in 1197, Jerusalem didn’t have the same strength.
As the crusaders made their way to Jerusalem through the North,
Alexius pleaded their help in regaining his throne of Constantinople in
exchange of money to pay for the crusades.
Alexius IV was executed after his high demands of taxes to pay of
which to pay the crusaders causing the crusaders to attack this city;
they never made it to Jerusalem instead returning home with
treasures.
(http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/latemiddle/fourth
crusade.htm)
Although it was not planned, Constantinople was established with an
Emperor of the crusaders making this gesture a great victory.
(http://www.medievaltymes.com/courtyard/intro_fourth_crusade.htm)
Pope Honorius III gathered men to be part of the fifth Crusade in 1216
AD, and made them follow the original plan of the fourth crusade.
(http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/latemiddle/fifthcr
usade.htm)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg
• In 1218, the crusaders captured Damietta, however in their attempt
to take over Cairo, the men had to hand over the city and went
home empty handed.
(http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/latemiddle/fifthc
rusade.htm)
• The Sixth Crusade was just as important as the first; Jerusalem was
once again under the control of the Christians.
• In the Sixth Crusade, Frederick II of Germany married the daughter
of John of Brienne, the king of Jerusalem, gaining control of the Holy
City with no military usage.
(http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_crusade6th.html)
• Fifteen years later, however, Jerusalem went back under the control
of the Muslims.
• The Seventh Crusade was lead by King Louis IX of France who
wanted to gain land of Egypt, traveling in the same path as the fifth
crusade. (http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_crusade7th.html)
www.nndb.com/people/231/000092952/
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At the Battle of Mansura in 1250, the crusaders managed to get across
the Ashmoun Canal, unfortunately Louis’ brother disobeyed his order
and attacked Mansura leading him to his death.
As a result, King Louis IX was left alone, and in the battle of Fariskur
in 1250 the Egyptians defeated the army.
(http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_crusade7th.html)
Known as the Eighth Crusade, sixteen years after the last seventh,
King Louis IX once again attempted to gain control of countries in
Egypt.
Although he failed to take over any new land, trade rights with Tunis
were accomplished. (http://www.medievality.com/ninth-crusade.html)
The lute was the most impacting instrument of the Renaissance music
in Italy. (Bulliet 240)
#1: Which woman impacted the
Second Crusade the most?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Elizabeth of France
Eleanor of Egypt
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Elizabeth of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Venice
#2: In which two Crusades was
Jerusalem under the control of the
Christians?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
One and Five
Two and Eight
Three and Seven
One and Six
Four and Seven
#3: For what reasons did the
majority of men join the crusades?
A. They were promised a path to heaven if
killed, freed from their sins, and were
converted to Christianity.
B. It proved their devotion to their country.
C. Land was promised to those who
survived the battles.
D. A higher rank in status was given.
E. They were forced to join, or faced
execution.
Bibliography:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Bulliet, Richard. The Earth and its People. Third. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005.
Carr, Karen. "The Fourth Crusade ." 15 Jan 2009. Portland State University, Web. 19 Oct
2009. <http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/latemiddle/fourthcrusade.htm>.
Carr, Karen. "The Ninth Crusade ." 15 Jan 2009. Portland State University, Web. 19 Oct
2009. < http://www.medievality.com/ninth-crusade.html >.
Carr, Karen. "The Second Crusade ." 15 Jan 2009. Portland State University, Web. 19 Oct
2009.
<http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/highmiddle/secondcrusade.htm>.
Carr, Karen. "The Seventh Crusade ." 15 Jan 2009. Portland State University, Web. 19 Oct
2009. < http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_crusade7th.html >.
Carr, Karen. "The Sixth Crusade ." 15 Jan 2009. Portland State University, Web. 19 Oct
2009. <http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/latemiddle/sixthcrusade.htm>.
Ferzoco, George . "The Origin of the Second Crusade." 1992. Web. 19 Oct 2009.
<http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/ferzoco.htm>.
Hartley, . "Fourth Crusade Introduction." 2004. Web. 19 Oct 2009.
<http://www.medievaltymes.com/courtyard/intro_fourth_crusade.htm>.
J, Richard. "Seventh Crusade 1248-1254." 24 Mar 2001. Web. 19 Oct 2009.
<http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_crusade7th.html>.
Trueman, Chris. "The Crusades." 2009. Web. 19 Oct 2009.
<http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/cru1.htm>.