Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Organisms at high altitude wikipedia , lookup
Evolving digital ecological networks wikipedia , lookup
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex wikipedia , lookup
Mate choice wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Sexual selection wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Sociobiology wikipedia , lookup
Warm-up page 3 – Copy and complete these two statements . I think acquired traits can/cannot be passed to offspring because ________________________. I think inherited traits can/cannot be passed to offspring because _______________________. 1. 2. 3. 4. Notes and Brainpop about Natural Selection Review “A Meeting of Minds” main ideas Introduce lab for tomorrow – “Thumbs Up. Thumbs Down.” Wrap-up 1. Flash cards on (1) artificial selection, (2) natural selection, (3) principles of natural selection, and (4)adaptation (due Monday) Copy on page 3 below your warm-up? Why are adaptations beneficial to organisms, and what are some examples? “A Meeting of Minds” – A Review – Take out your ABCD Formative Assessment cards. Galapagos tortoises have necks of different lengths (variation). Over time, the vegetation they eat close to the ground becomes scarce. Some tortoises with longer necks can reach higher vegetation. The tortoises with shorter necks will have less chance of survival, while the ones with longer necks have a greater chance of survival. These longer-necked tortoises will pass on the trait for a longer neck to their offspring. Over time, more and more tortoises within the population will have longer necks. Which scientist’s theory does this explanation support? A. Lamarck B. Darwin *One customer would like to breed the dog with the unusual color because she thinks her puppies are more likely to have that color. What do you say to this customer? *Another customer wants to breed the dog with the clipped ears because he thinks that the puppies are more likely to have that trait. What do you say to this customer? *Which theorist does each customer’s thinking line up with? Favorable traits are characteristics/attributes that are beneficial to the organism. Polar Bears Thick fur to protect from cold Good sense of smell to locate food Strong legs to help swim Thick, rough, sand paper like paws to help grip the slippery ice White fur for camouflage in their surroundings *What if a polar bear cub was born without one or some of these traits? Is it likely to survive and reproduce? Would “nature” (genetics and its environment) select this mutation to remain or would the mutation be “phased out”? Def. - Human intervention in animal or plant breeding to ensure certain characteristics (favorable traits) are selected for future generations. A.D. 1 -Dog breeding is a form of artificial selection. A.D. 2 – Ex. Labradoodle Def. - ________ intervention in _______ or _________ __________ to ensure certain characteristics (__________ traits) are ____________ for future generations. A.D. 1 - ______ ____________ is a form of artificial selection. A.D. 2 Ex. Labradoodle Def. A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms that are best adapted to their environment. A.D. 1 - Occurs over a long period of TIME! A.D 2 - The environment (or nature) chooses favorable traits. A.D 3 - Proposed by Charles Darwin Def. A __________ process resulting in the ___________ of organisms that are best ___________ to their _____________. A.D. 1 - Occurs over a _______ period of TIME! A.D 2 - The ____________ (or _________) chooses ___________ traits. A.D 3 - Proposed by Charles ____________ Based on four main principles… 1) More offspring are born than the environment can support (competition) 2) Offspring vary amongst themselves within a species (variation); some are a result of mutations Based on four main principles… 3) These variations in individuals will lead to some being more "fit" and able to survive in an environment over others. (survival of the fittest) 4) Those who are more fit will survive to reproduce and "pass on" those traits "genes" that enabled them to survive (Inheritability) Based on four main principles… 1) ______ offspring are born than the environment can ________________ (__________________) 2) Offspring _______ amongst themselves ________ a _____________ (________________); some are a result of ____________________. 3) These ___________________ in individuals will lead to some being more “________" and able to ____________ in an ____________________ over others (_______________ of the _________________) 4) Those who are __________ fit will survive to _________________ and "pass on" those ____________ (“_____________“) that enabled them to _________________ (____________________________) Def. – A trait that serves an individual/species well/gives it an advantage and may be a result of environmental pressure (natural selection) A.D. 1 – Adaptation can be a physical structure (anatomy), a behavior, or a body function (physiology). A.D. 2 – Ex. The cheetah’s body is long and lean. (structure) A.D. 3 – Ex. Ducks and water dogs have webbed feet. A.D. 4 – Ex. Sea cucumbers expel their insides to scare off predators. (behavior) A.D. 5 – Tapeworms have no digestive system. They absorb nourishment through their skin . (functionphysiology) Def. – A ________ that serves an individual/species ____/gives it an ____________ and may be a result of environmental ___________ (_________ ___________) A.D. 1 – Adaptation can be a physical ____________ (anatomy), a ____________, or a body ____________ (physiology). A.D. 2 – Ex. The cheetah’s body is long and ______. (structure) A.D. 3 – Ex. Ducks and water dogs have ___________ ______. A.D. 4 – Ex. Sea cucumbers ______________ their insides to scare off predators. (behavior) A.D. 5 – _______________ have no ___________ system. They __________ nourishment through their _________ . (functionphysiology) https://www.brainpop.com/sci ence/cellularlifeandgenetics/n aturalselection/ Charles Darwin developed the “Theory of Evolution” which explained how the species we have today on Earth got here. He thought that Natural Selection was the mechanism of evolution, and it explained how, over a long period of time, species have evolved (or CHANGED) on our planet from one original organism. How do adaptations make an organism more fit for their environment? Opposable thumbs are one of the most favorable traits humans have that make us “best fit” for our environment. Only humans, apes, and primates have hands that are capable of grasping objects. In this experiment, you will see how this adaptation we have helps us to be a dominant species on our planet. You will be working with the partner of your choice. DON’T MAKE ME REGRET THIS! As a control (comparison), both partners will try the tasks using their thumbs first. Record the level of ease with which you were able to do each task, as well as thumb involvement. 1 = Very simple; 5 = Extremely difficult or impossible. ***Don’t mark 1 just because you can do the task. The numbers indicate how easy or difficult the task is. Think about clapping vs. patting the head and rubbing the belly at the same time. If you can do a task almost effortlessly, it might be a 1. But if it takes extra thought and extra time to complete it, it may be a 3. If you “cheat”, you miss out on the fun. ***Thumb involvement means to describe how the thumb was used in doing the task (grasping, turning, holding in place, etc.) THEN…One partner will tape the other partner’s thumb across the palm so the thumb cannot be used during the tasks. The taped partner will complete all of the tasks and record the ease of tasks without the thumbs. Then, you will swap. There will be analysis questions at the end. IN ORDER TO HAVE ENOUGH TO FINISH THIS LAB, WE HAVE TO GET STARTED RIGHT AWAY TOMORROW. PLEASE COME IN, SIT DOWN, AND BE READY FOR INSTRUCTIONS.