Download Unit 4 Evolution

Warm-up page 3 – Copy and complete these two statements
.
I think acquired traits can/cannot be passed to offspring
because ________________________.
I think inherited traits can/cannot be passed to offspring
because _______________________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Notes and Brainpop about Natural Selection
Review “A Meeting of Minds” main ideas
Introduce lab for tomorrow – “Thumbs Up.
Thumbs Down.”
Wrap-up
1.
Flash cards on (1) artificial selection, (2) natural
selection, (3) principles of natural selection, and
(4)adaptation (due Monday)
Copy on page 3 below your warm-up?
Why are adaptations beneficial to organisms, and
what are some examples?
“A Meeting of Minds” – A Review – Take out
your ABCD Formative Assessment cards.
Galapagos tortoises have necks of different lengths
(variation). Over time, the vegetation they eat close to the
ground becomes scarce. Some tortoises with longer necks
can reach higher vegetation. The tortoises with shorter
necks will have less chance of survival, while the ones with
longer necks have a greater chance of survival. These
longer-necked tortoises will pass on the trait for a longer
neck to their offspring. Over time, more and more
tortoises within the population will have longer necks.
Which scientist’s theory does this explanation support?
A. Lamarck
B. Darwin
*One customer would like to breed the dog with
the unusual color because she thinks her puppies
are more likely to have that color.
What do you say to this customer?
*Another customer wants to breed the dog with
the clipped ears because he thinks that the
puppies are more likely to have that trait.
What do you say to this customer?
*Which theorist does each customer’s thinking
line up with?
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Favorable traits are characteristics/attributes that are
beneficial to the organism.
Polar Bears
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Thick fur to protect from cold
Good sense of smell to locate food
Strong legs to help swim
Thick, rough, sand paper like paws
to help grip the slippery ice
 White fur for camouflage in their surroundings
*What if a polar bear cub was born without one or some of these
traits? Is it likely to survive and reproduce? Would “nature”
(genetics and its environment) select this mutation to remain or
would the mutation be “phased out”?
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Def. - Human intervention
in animal or plant breeding
to ensure certain
characteristics (favorable
traits) are selected for
future generations.
A.D. 1 -Dog breeding is a
form of artificial selection.
A.D. 2 – Ex. Labradoodle
Def. - ________ intervention in _______ or
_________ __________ to ensure certain
characteristics (__________ traits) are
____________ for future generations.
A.D. 1 - ______ ____________ is a form of
artificial selection.

A.D. 2 Ex. Labradoodle
Def. A natural process resulting in the
evolution of organisms that are best adapted
to their environment.
A.D. 1 - Occurs over a long period of TIME!
A.D 2 - The environment (or nature) chooses
favorable traits.
A.D 3 - Proposed by Charles Darwin

Def. A __________ process resulting in the
___________ of organisms that are best
___________ to their _____________.
A.D. 1 - Occurs over a _______ period of TIME!
A.D 2 - The ____________ (or _________)
chooses ___________ traits.
A.D 3 - Proposed by Charles ____________

Based on four main principles…
1) More offspring are born than the
environment can support (competition)
2) Offspring vary amongst themselves within a
species (variation); some are a result of
mutations
Based on four main principles…
3) These variations in individuals will lead to
some being more "fit" and able to survive in an
environment over others. (survival of the fittest)
4) Those who are more fit will survive to
reproduce and "pass on" those traits "genes"
that enabled them to survive (Inheritability)
Based on four main principles…
1) ______ offspring are born than the environment can
________________ (__________________)
2) Offspring _______ amongst themselves ________ a
_____________ (________________); some are a result
of ____________________.
3) These ___________________ in individuals will lead to
some being more “________" and able to
____________ in an ____________________ over others
(_______________ of the _________________)
4) Those who are __________ fit will survive to
_________________ and "pass on" those ____________
(“_____________“) that enabled them to
_________________ (____________________________)
Def. – A trait that serves an individual/species
well/gives it an advantage and may be a result of
environmental pressure (natural selection)
A.D. 1 – Adaptation can be a physical structure
(anatomy), a behavior, or a body function (physiology).
A.D. 2 – Ex. The cheetah’s body is long and lean.
(structure)
A.D. 3 – Ex. Ducks and water dogs have webbed feet.
A.D. 4 – Ex. Sea cucumbers expel their insides to scare
off predators. (behavior)
A.D. 5 – Tapeworms have no digestive system. They
absorb nourishment through their skin . (functionphysiology)
Def. – A ________ that serves an individual/species ____/gives it
an ____________ and may be a result of environmental
___________ (_________ ___________)
A.D. 1 – Adaptation can be a physical ____________ (anatomy),
a ____________, or a body ____________ (physiology).
A.D. 2 – Ex. The cheetah’s body is long and ______. (structure)
A.D. 3 – Ex. Ducks and water dogs have ___________ ______.
A.D. 4 – Ex. Sea cucumbers ______________ their insides to
scare off predators. (behavior)
A.D. 5 – _______________ have no ___________ system. They
__________ nourishment through their _________ . (functionphysiology)
 https://www.brainpop.com/sci
ence/cellularlifeandgenetics/n
aturalselection/
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Charles Darwin developed the “Theory of
Evolution” which explained how the species
we have today on Earth got here.
He thought that Natural Selection was the
mechanism of evolution, and it explained
how, over a long period of time, species have
evolved (or CHANGED) on our planet from
one original organism.
How do adaptations make an
organism more fit for their
environment?
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Opposable thumbs are one of the most
favorable traits humans have that make
us “best fit” for our environment.
Only humans, apes, and primates have
hands that are capable of grasping
objects.
In this experiment, you will see how this
adaptation we have helps us to be a
dominant species on our planet.
 You will be working
with the partner of
your choice. DON’T
MAKE ME REGRET
THIS!

As a control (comparison), both partners will try the tasks
using their thumbs first. Record the level of ease with which
you were able to do each task, as well as thumb
involvement.
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1 = Very simple; 5 = Extremely difficult or impossible.
***Don’t mark 1 just because you can do the task. The numbers
indicate how easy or difficult the task is. Think about clapping vs.
patting the head and rubbing the belly at the same time. If you can
do a task almost effortlessly, it might be a 1. But if it takes extra
thought and extra time to complete it, it may be a 3. If you “cheat”,
you miss out on the fun.
***Thumb involvement means to describe how the thumb was
used in doing the task (grasping, turning, holding in place, etc.)
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THEN…One partner will tape the other partner’s
thumb across the palm so the thumb cannot be
used during the tasks.
The taped partner will complete all of the tasks
and record the ease of tasks without the thumbs.
Then, you will swap.
There will be analysis questions at the end.
IN ORDER TO HAVE ENOUGH TO FINISH THIS
LAB, WE HAVE TO GET STARTED RIGHT AWAY
TOMORROW. PLEASE COME IN, SIT DOWN,
AND BE READY FOR INSTRUCTIONS.