Download Immunity to infection_vibuntita

10/01/57
Overview
 Immune
system
infection
 Virus infection
 Fungus infection
 Parasite infection
 Bacteria
Immunity to
infection
Animal Immunology
Vibuntita chankitisakul , D.V.M.,Ph.D.
Goal
How to classify immunity by time ??
(stages, cells involved in immune responses)
To understand basic principles of defense
against infections induced by:
 Bacteria
- extracellular
- intracellular
 Virus
 Fungus
 Parasites
http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/187/figure/F2?highres=y
What are the mechanisms of HMI and CMI??
Conclusions……
http://www.tokresource.org/tok_classes/biobiobio/biomenu/defence_
against_disease/index.htm
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Make sure you understand
these following words…
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Innate immunity
Physical barriers
Chemical barriers
Phagocyte
Neutrophils
Eosinophil
Basophils
Macrophage
Monocytes
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Acquired immunity
Cellular immunity
Humoral immunity
T, B lymphocytes
Antibody
NK cells
Complements
Cytokine
Interferon
Microbes
Immunity response to
microbial infection
Site of infection
 microbiologists
deal with four fundamental
kinds of microbial infectious agents
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bacteria
fungus
viruses
parasites
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helminthes (worms)
protozoa (single-celled)
(intracellular)
http://aapredbook.aappublications.org/site/week/iotw030711.xhtml
http://2011annualreport.nichd.nih.gov/ump.html
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Extracellular
Intracellular
Site of
infection
Organisms
Bacteria, protozoa,
fungus, worms
Protective
immunity
Antibodies,
Complement,
Phagocytosis,
Neutralization
Viruses, bacteria,
protozoa,fungus
Cytotoxic T-cells,
NK cells
Location of infectious agents in host tissue is of the
essence for development and differentiation of
immune responses
Microbial type
Extracellular
Intracellular
Bacterium
E. coli, Salmonella
Mycobacteria,
Listeria
Fungus
Candida
Histoplasma
Parasite
Helminths (worms)
Plasmodium
Virus
None
All
Bacterial infection
1. Extracellular bacteria
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Bacterial infection
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are capable of replicating outside host cells
Inflammation
Toxins (endotoxin, extoxin)
2. Intracellular bacteria
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ability to survive and even to replicate within
phagocytes
Tuberculosis
https://www.inkling.com/read/cellular-and-molecular-immunology-abbas-7th/chapter-15/immunity-to-extracellular
Extracellular bac.
Immune responses
1)
Innate immunity
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Complement activation
Activation of phagocytes and inflammation
Extracellular bac.
Immune responses
2)
Acquired immunity
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Humoral immunity is a major protective
immune response
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Neutralization of toxins
Complement activation
Opsonization
Phagocytes
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Extracellular bac.
Acquired immunity
Extracellular bac.
Acquired immunity
Intracellular bac.
Immune responses
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1.
Innate and adaptive immunity
to intracellular bacteria
ability to survive from antibodies
CD4
Innate immunity
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Phagocytes and NK cells
Bacteria stimulate Macrophage to release
Cytokines, then stimulate NK cells to release IFN
to activate macrophage (activated
macrophage)
CD8
Intracellular bac.
Immune responses
2) Adaptive immunity
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CMI
Virus infection
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Viruses
•Viruses do not have ribosomes
and cannot make their own
protein
•After the virus attaches to the
host cell’s membrane, it injects
its genetic
material which
directs synthesis of viral proteins
Virus infection
 Intracellular microorganisms
Based on Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide
Fungus infection
Fungus infection

extracellular and intracellular (phagocyte) fungi
immunity
 Innate
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Neutrophils and macrophages
 Adaptive
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
immunity
CMI (same as intracellular bacteria)
Antibody – important for diagnosis only (not for
eradication)
Parasite infection
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Parasite infection
 Complex
eukaryotic organisms
life cycles
 protozoa (unicellular) – intra- & extracellular agents
 helmints (multicellular worms) – extracellular agents
 Complex
Parasite infection
 Innate

immunity
Mostly resistant
 complement and
 eosinophil
phagocytosis (protozoa)
and macrophages (worms)
Immunity against
worms
Parasite infection
 Adaptive
immunity
 Protozoa
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(intracellular)
CMI
 Worms
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(TH2 response)
(extracellular)
Antibody (IgE)  + Eosinophil
Immunity against helmints
(function of eosinophils)
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