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Ancient Greece was located on a peninsula with this sea to the EAST and this sea to the SOUTH: AEGEAN (EAST) MEDITERRANEAN (SOUTH) Location of Greece: Balkan Peninsula Europe Asia Minor (Ionia was a citystate established during the Dark Ages) Major trade routes to spread Hellenic (GREEK) culture Black Sea Dardanelles Strait Location of: 1. Athens 2. Sparta 3. Troy 1. Attica Peninsula 2. Peloponnesian Peninsula 3. Asia Minor / Anatolia Peninsula What topographical feature led to the isolated development of city states instead of a unified empire? MOUNTAINS Although the climate was mild and some soils were good for grape, olive and wheat farming, Greeks had to: Trade for items they could not produce and COLONIZE The good harbors and merchant trade emphasis resulted in this for Ancient Greece: 1. Cultural diffusion 2. Technological advances With such a mild climate, Greeks congregated in the AGORA and: Engaged in civic and commercial activities. Ancient Greek religion was POLYTHEISTIC. True or False? TRUE!! What are the goals of Ancient Greek Religion? 1.To explain the mysteries of nature. 2. To explain life after death 4. To justify the unpredictability of human emotion King of the Greek Gods (and father of some humans like Hercules) ZEUS Patron goddess of Athens: ATHENA Greek goddess of love and beauty: APHRODITE Sister and wife of ZEUS, protector of women and marriage: HERA Greek god of the sun APOLLO Greek goddess of light and hunting ARTEMIS Order of Athenian Government 1. 2. 3. 4. Monarchy Aristocracy (oligarchy) Tyranny Democracy MATD Rule by one person who may inherit power by family succession is known as: MONARCHY OLIGARCHY or Aristocracy involves rule by: A small group of nobles. Rule by one person who seizes power by force is known as: A TYRANNY Rule by a popular assembly in which the citizens may vote is known as : DEMOCRACY Type of government in Sparta OLIGARCHY (rule by a few nobles) City-state with rigid social structure and militaristic society SPARTA Known for his epic poetry: HOMER In order to ease overcrowding on the mainland of Greece and gain access to additional grain, the Greeks established: COLONIES The Greek merchants changed the barter economy of the Mediterranean to a: MONEY ECONOMY (b/c all civilizations value the precious metal in money) The three social groups in the city-state were: 1. Citizens 2. Free people with no political rights (women & foreigners) 3. Slaves T or F: Civic decisions were made in open debate and men were expected to participate in public life TRUE! The Athenian archon (tyrant) who was known for his written laws and harsh (Draconian) punishments: DRACO Athenian archon (tyrant) who improved the legal system and expanded participation in the Assembly SOLON The wars against this empire united the Greeks against a common enemy: PERSIA Results of the Persian War Golden Age in Athens The Greeks triumphed at Marathon and Salamis giving them control over this sea: THE AEGEAN SEA This Athenian ruler during Athens’ “Golden Age” established a democracy in which all adult male citizens had an equal voice in government PERICLES What is the name of the building built by this ruler in Athens after the destruction of the Persian Wars? THE PARTHENON Under Athenian leadership, this was an alliance of Greek city states for mutual defense: THE DELIAN LEAGUE Two causes of the Peloponnesian War included: Athenian dominance of the Delian League became excessive Sparta desired to overthrow Athens’ control of the league 3 effects of the Peloponnesian War: 1. Greece was no longer united 2. Greece was vulnerable to invasion by the Macedonians 3. Cultural development was stopped Great Greek philosopher who introduced a new method of teaching by questioning and died from hemlock (poison): SOCRATES Author of the “Republic,” a work describing this philosopher’s idea of rule by wise and ethical Philosopher Kings PLATO An accomplished scientist as well as a great philosopher, this man favored a government in which there was a separation of powers: ARISTOTLE “Father of History,” this great Greek historian and traveler was known for exaggerating events: HERODOTUS Greek historian who was accurate & impartial and only accepted eye-witness accounts THUCYDIDES Greek sculptor who created the enormous statues of Athena for the Parthenon and the statue of Zeus for Olympia: PHIDIAS The 3 types of Greek columns are: 1. DORIC 2. IONIC (Ionian) 3. CORINTHIAN Known for his rational scientific and ethical approach, this man is considered the founder of modern medicine: HIPPOCRATES The most famous Greek scientist who mastered the use of the lever and pulley: ARCHIMEDES Euclid developed a mathematical theory that is today known as: GEOMETRY The great mathematician who developed the theorem known to all geometry students as the way to find the relationship between the sides of a right triangle: PYTHAGORUS Type of drama written by Aeschylus and Sophacles TRAGEDY Macedonia is located __________ of Greece. NORTH The Macedonian who conquered most of Greece and his son: Philip II and Alexander Alexander’s empire and the influence of Greek culture extended as far as this river valley in the East THE INDUS RIVER VALLEY The primary language spoken in Alexander’s Empire: GREEK T or F: The people of Egypt, Mesopotamia and India were not influenced by Greek culture and art. FALSE!! Greek culture combined with Persian (oriental/Near East) culture Hellenistic