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Music Basics Study Guide 1. A music Staff has 5 lines & 4 spaces 2. Bar Lines, Measures & Double Bar Lines (measures are the spaces between bar lines) Double Bar Line (the end) (bar lines divide a staff into measures) 3. Notes (indicate singing or playing) O whole note O half note quarter note or or eighth note sixteenth note study guide – 2 4. Rests (indicate silence) whole half quarter rest rest rest 7 7 eighth sixteenth rest rest 5. Music Clefs treble clef bass clef (high) (low) 6. Line and Space Letter Names Helpful Hints: the spaces on treble clef spell “face” the phrase “every good boy does fine” can be used to remember the line letters on treble clef the phrase “all cows eat grass” can be used to remember the space letters on bass clef the phrase “good boys do fine always” can be used to remember the line letters on bass clef study guide - 3 E C A F F D B G E G E C A A F D B G study guide - 4 7. Note & Rest Values in a 4 4 time signature Whole Notes/Rests = 4 beats Half Notes/Rests = 2 beats Quarter Notes/Rests = 1 beat Eighth Notes/Rests = ½ beat Sixteenth Notes/Rests = ¼ beat 8. Basic Terms Tempo – the speed of a tune Beat – the steady pulse behind all music Rhythm – the patterns of sound and silence in music Note – a symbol used for a musical tone Pitch – how high or low a note is sounded Melody – the catchy, main tune of a song Harmony – pitches that support the melody Timbre – the tone quality of a singing voice or musical Instrument Compose – the act of arranging musical elements and using principles of organization to create an original musical piece ABA Form is a three-part form in music where the first and last sections of a piece are the same, and the middle section is different study guide – 5 9. Dynamics are the loud and soft markings in music. Symbol Italian Word p piano soft f forte loud mp mezzo piano medium soft mf mezzo forte medium loud pp pianissimo very soft ff fortissimo very loud crescendo decrescendo 10. English Meaning get louder gradually get softer gradually Accidentals Flat Sharp - - lowers a note by a semitone (½ step) - raises a note by a semitone (½ step) study guide – 6 11. Primary Instruments of the Orchestra String Family Woodwind Family violin flute viola clarinet cello oboe double bass bassoon Brass Family Percussion Family trumpet timpani french horn bass drum trombone snare drum tuba cymbals gong triangle chimes xylophone piano
