Download Clefs - Eureka High School Bands

Eureka High School Bands
Final Exam Review Sheet
Time Signatures
The top number of a time signature tells how many beats are in a measure.
The bottom number of a time signature tells what note value gets one count. If the bottom number is
a “4,” a quarter note gets one count. If it is an “8,” the eighth note gets one count. If it is a “2,” the
half note gets one count.
Clefs
Treble clef is for flute, oboe, clarinet, bass clarinet, saxophone, trumpet, French horn, mallets.
Treble clef lines – E, G, B, D, F (Every Good Boy Does Fine)
Treble clef spaces – F, A, C, E (the word “face”)
Bass clef is for bassoon, trombone, baritone, tuba, and timpani.
Bass clef lines – G, B, D, F, A (Great Big Dogs Fight Animals)
Bass clef spaces – A, C, E, G (All Cows Eat Grass)
Scales
C major
F major
Bb major
Eb major
Ab major
C
F
Bb
Eb
Ab
D
G
C
F
Bb
E
A
D
G
C
F
Bb
Eb
Ab
Db
G
C
F
Bb
Eb
A
D
G
C
F
B
E
A
D
G
C
F
Bb
Eb
Ab
Instrument Families
Brass – trumpet, French horn, trombone, baritone, tuba. All are made of brass, covered by lacquer.
They use a mouthpiece in which the musician “buzzes” to create the tone. They change notes by
changing air speed to get higher and lower notes and using valves or a slide to change the length of
the instrument.
Woodwinds – piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, bassoon, clarinet, bass clarinet, saxophones. Uses a
series of keys along the length of the instrument to change notes. Tone is created in one of three
ways:
1) flute/piccolo – Blow across the opening in the mouthplate.
2) clarinets and saxophones – Blow into a mouthpiece, past a reed held in place by a
ligature.
3) oboe, Engligh horn, bassoon – Blow into a double reed which is two reeds held together
by a wrapping.
Percussion – All instruments which are struck with sticks, mallets, hands or each other to create the
tone. Includes:
1) All varieties of drums – snare drum, toms, bass drum, timpani, bongos, congas, etc.
2) Mallet keyboards – orchestra bells, xylophone, vibraphone, marimba, chimes
3) Idiophones (the entire instrument is struck to create the tone) – cymbals, gong, triangle,
wood block, etc.
Musical Terminology
1. Accent - Emphasize the note
2. Allegro - Quickly
3. Andante - Moderately slow
4. Articulation - How a note is started or ended
5. C - Common time (4/4)
6. Chromatic Scale - A scale of half steps
7. Crescendo - Gradually get louder
8. D.C. – da capo, go back to the beginning
9. D.S. al Fine – dal segno, back to the sign
10. Decrescendo - Gradually get softer
11. Dynamics - The volume of music
12. Fermata - Hold until the cut off
13. Legato - Smooth and connected
14. Marcato - Marked or accented style
15. Sforzando - Heavily accented
16. Sfzp - Heavy accent, then immediately soft
17. Slur - Change notes without tonguing
18. Staccato - Detached
19. Staff – The lines and spaces that music is written on; five lines and four spaces
20. Tie - Adds two note valuesof the same pitch together
Elements of Musical Performance
Tone – the quality of sound (i.e. dark, full, warm). This is affected by embouchure and air on a wind
instrument.
Rhythm – the organization of sound in time, counting with the beat
Intonation – the quality of playing in tune
Precision – the ability to start and end notes together
Articulation – the way notes are started and ended
Balance – an equal representation of sound (i.e. bass vs. treble, pyramid of sound)
Blend – the quality of tones sounding similar
Note Accuracy – playing the correct pitch
Posture – the way a musician holds his body position to create the best sound
Tempo – the ability to maintain a steady beat
Phrasing – the way a musician expresses a complete musical thought
Style – the general way a musician interprets notes and phrases for a particular song
Dynamics – the range of volume
Marching Band
Marching bands use markings on the football field for staging. There are three types of markings:
1) Yard lines – Lines that run the width of the field, 5 yards apart. The 50 yard line is in the
middle, and they decrease in intervals of 5 on each side of the 50 yard line.
2) Hash marks – Short dashes that divide the width of the high school football field into
thirds.
3) Sidelines – Lines that run the length of the field that indicate “out of bounds.” Marching
bands typically use the sideline closest to the home audience, which we refer to as the front sideline.