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Ancient Rome Romulus and Remus Founded Rome, according to legend Cared for by a female wolf Tiber River-foreign ships sailed up the Tiber to Rome Romans had a gift of learning from other cultures. Republic-citizens have the right to vote, or choose their leaders Two groups of citizens: 1. 2. Patricians=wealthy and powerful Plebeians=all other citizens (90% were plebeians) Senate-governing body Made up of patricians Punic Wars-three wars between Carthage and Rome Romans won all three Hannibal-North African general who invaded Italy during the second Punic War Julius Caesar-conquered most of present-day France, the British Isles, and Belgium Stabbed to death on the floor of the Senate in 44 B.C. People were afraid he’d destroy the republic Power struggle began, ended Roman Republic Augustus (ruled from 27 B.C. to A.D. 14) Brought order, good government, and peace to Rome Pax Romana=two centuries of peace beginning with the rule of Augustus Roman law and U.S. legal system: Innocent until proven guilty Judges interpret the laws People have rights the government cannot take away Major achievements of the Romans: Building roads Establishing new laws Uniting people in the Roman Empire Christianity=religion founded on the teachings of Jesus Jesus, the founder of Christianity, was born into a Jewish family Apostles Peter and Paul spread Jesus’ teachings throughout the Mediterranean Mercenaries were hired to fight-felt little loyalty to Rome Constantine-united empire again in A.D. 324 Built a new capital city over Byzantium named Constantinople Outlawed Christian persecution United eastern and western parts of Roman Empire Visigoths captured Rome (A.D. 410) Cut off food supply Robbed homes of the wealthy Burned what they could not take Orestes, a soldier, had his son Romulus Augustulus, made emperor German ruler demanded control, Orestes refused and was killed Romulus sent to live with relatives in southern Italy