Download Personal Pathway to Doping Model - Presentation - UK Anti

THE PERSONAL PATHWAY TO
DOPING
The concept of ‘Individual Risk’ and its
implications to sport
Amanda Batt, Education Manager
OBJECTIVES OF THE SESSION
• To share and debate the view that ‘doping’ is
more than a sport-specific problem
• To propose ‘doping as an individual risk’ as a
concept
• To discuss integration of traditional risk based
models to a model that has ‘humans’ at the
centre
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Progress to date
CORE INFLUENCERS
Wider societal
influences
Role
models
Coaches
UKAD/NGBs
Influencers
Parents
Health
professionals
Teachers
Coaches
Peers
UKAD/NGBs
Peers
Beginner
4
Parents
Role models
Teachers
Health
professionals
Gifted and
talented
Performance
development
Performance
Athlete stages
High
performance
Elite
Progress to date
ATHLETES AS PEOPLE
• This is the starting point...as phenomenal as they are
• What do we know about people?
• Acceptance that doping is a ‘behaviour’
Negative
behaviour
6
D
O
P
I
N
G
Covert
behaviour
SO, WHAT DO WE KNOW
Human Nature
Sociology
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Psychology
Athlete
development
Performance
RESEARCH
• Undertaking by Professor Mike McNamee and Dr
Andrew Bloodworth, University of Swansea
2009 Longitudinal
study of attitudes to
doping
2012 Doping as an
individual risk
2011 Redefined
phase 5 of study
Anticipating Doping
behaviours: A review
of literature and its
implications
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MAIN CONCLUSIONS
• Doping is a behaviour where a doping decision is preceded
by instability, a problem
• Common tipping points include:
• Career instability, peer pressure, relax from stress, injury before major event,
performance plateau, personal distress outside of sport, physiological
weaknesses, finance, end of career etc.
• Wider attitudes:
• Social drugs, adolescent peer groups, family support, early specialisation,
sympathy with dopers, supplement use, attitudes of significant others, win
at all costs, lack of lifestyle/balance, perception of use
• Personality, culture and society
• Sport specify and in-depth interventions are required
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POI = Point of Intervention
POI
OPTIONS
Ease , availability,
detection,
cost/benefit,
anticipated regret
POI
POI
PROBLEM
POI
ACTION
•Injury
•Transition
•Finance (maintain, prospect of)
•Change in training
•Change in results
•Career instability
•Family problems
•Stress
•Fear of failure
•Pressure – Individual, societal, peer
POSITIVE
SELFJUSTIFICATION
external influence eg
reinforcement
POI
NEGATIVE
INFLUENCE
LIFESTYLE
POSITIVE
(ACTUAL OR
PERCEIVED)
REINFORCEMENT
INFLUENCERS
POI
•Lack of balance in life
•Limited nutritional knowledge
•Previous lifestyle behaviours
(social drugs, alcohol)
DABBLE
POI
DECISION
TIPPING POINT
SPORT
•Early sport experience (high
competition)
•Sport norms
•Sport culture (professional,
profile, sponsorship)
•Closed sporting environment
•Low regard for health (play on
mentality)
•Supplement use
POI
INTENTION
•Family (upbringing)
•Relationship with Parents
•Peers and peer norms
•Social norms
Active/Passive
QUESTIONS
SOCIAL
SUPPLEMENT USE
POI
STOP
BEHAVIOUR
•Personality (risk taking)
•Attitudes
•Beliefs (detection)
•Values
•Morals
•Attribution (internal/external)
•Low self-esteem
•High trait anxiety
•Personal distress
•Motivation (internal/external)
•Low resilience/coping skills
DECISION
HABIT
ATTITUDES
VALUES
BELIEFS
EXPERIENCE
PERSONAL
DOPING
2
YEARS
DISCUSSION
LIFESTYLE
•Lack of balance in life
•Limited nutritional knowledge
•Previous lifestyle behaviours
(social drugs, alcohol)
DABBLE
POSITIVE
EXPERIENCE
PROBLEM
•Injury
•Transition
•Finance (maintain, prospect of)
•Change in training
•Change in results
•Career instability
•Family problems
•Stress
•Fear of failure
•Pressure – Individual, societal, peer
Ease , availability,
detection,
cost/benefit,
anticipated regret
ACTION
OPTIONS
NEGATIVE
STOP
SELFJUSTIFICATION
external influence eg
reinforcement
BEHAVIOUR
DECISION
INFLUENCERS
HABIT
POSITIVE
(ACTUAL OR
PERCEIVED)
REINFORCEMENT
INFLUENCE
SPORT
•Early sport experience (high
competition)
•Sport norms
•Sport culture (professional,
profile, sponsorship)
•Closed sporting environment
•Low regard for health (play on
mentality)
•Supplement use
SUPPLEMENT USE
Active/Passive
TIPPING POINT
SOCIAL
•Family (upbringing)
•Relationship with Parents
•Peers and peer norms
•Social norms
DECISION
INTENTION
•Personality (risk taking)
•Attitudes
•Beliefs (detection)
•Values
•Morals
•Attribution (internal/external)
•Low self-esteem
•High trait anxiety
•Personal distress
•Motivation (internal/external)
•Low resilience/coping skills
ATTITUDES
VALUES
BELIEFS
QUESTIONS
PERSONAL
DOPING
2
YEARS
RISK-BASED APPROACH
Systematic
risk analysis,
tools and
tactics
Accountability
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Knowledge
and
information
management
Riskbased
approach
Social
process,
behaviour
and culture
Higher
risk
Medium
risk
Low risk
1:1 interventions, professional
support
Education, engagement,
effective decision making,
deterrent tactics
Information and
awareness
Reinforcement of
main messages
Empower use of
tools e.g Global DRO
FINAL THOUGHTS
• Athletes are people first, athletes second and
people Have a relationship with risk
• Doping is a ‘risky behaviour’....
....an individual risk
• We need ‘people’ at the heart of our
evidenced based risk assessment
•
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