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22-2 Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines Alcohols • Alcohols have the functional group –OH.(hydroxide) • The general formula for alcohols is R-OH, where R is a hydrocarbon. • Denatured alcohol has aviation gas or other solvents added to it to make it unfit to drink. • Ethanol is found in alcoholic beverages. • Ethanol and CO2 are produced by yeast when they ferment sugars, such as those in grapes and bread dough. • To name alcohols, use a number or numbers, if needed to designate the location of the –OH groups and then say the rootword for the number of carbons followed by –ol. Ethers • Ethers are organic compounds that have an oxygen imbedded in a series of 2 carbon chains…. • Remember ethers by the fact that there is an R on ‘ether’ side of the O. • The functional group is the imbedded oxygen. • The general form for ethers is R1-O-R2 • To name ethers say the first alphabetical R followed by the second alphabetical R then the word ether. • If both are identical, say di- the R group with Amines • Amines contain nitrogen bonded to carbon atoms. • Each nitrogen can carry 3 bonds so 2 other bonds are connected to hydrogen. • Amines are of the form R-NH2. • Amines are considered primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on how many carbon chains have substituted for hydrogens in the NH3. • To Name amines, say the numbers of the –NH2 locations followed the root-word from the 22-3 Carbonyl Compounds • -C=0 is called a carbonyl group. • Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, and esters all have the carbonyl group. Aldehydes • Aldehydes have the form where R is a hydrogen or hydrocarbon. • We name the aldehydes by saying the rootword representing the number of carbons followed by –al. • Aldehydes generally have lower boiling points than other similar-size compounds. • • • Ketones Ketones have the functional group We name them by saying the number of carbons on Ketones are used as solvents for paints, lacquers, var