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INSTITUTO DE FORMACIÓN DOCENTE CONTINUA
LENGUAS VIVAS BARILOCHE (A-052)
Profesorado de Inglés - Modalidad a distancia
DECRIPTIVE GRAMMAR – 2012
Tutor: Cecilia A. Zemborain
Unit 2 – The sentence and the clause
Assignment – Deadline: 14th September
STUDENT’S NAME:Vanesa D’Onofrio Monla
Theory
1. Explain the difference between a phrase and a clause. Provide 3 examples of
phrases and 3 of clauses (other than the ones that appear in the unit).
First, a phrase is a sentence fragment that contains either a verb or a noun, but not
both. Second, a clause is a segment fragment that contains both a verb and a noun.
A phrase has a head, (noun, adjective, verb, etc).According to the type of phrase
(Nominal, verbal, adjectival etc). A clause has a dependent clause that can not stand
alone as a sentence and an Independent clause that can stand alone as a sentence.
Examples:
Phrase:
He saw the man
NP/DO
S
Subordinate
Clause: He saw the man (that has broken his car in the crowd).
S
v
Clause/ DO
Prep. Phrase
After a hard work day, I ate a delicious dinner.
Dep. Clause
When I got home, I ate a delicious dinner.
Prep. pharase
Alice wrote a letter to her brother.
S
V
OD
IO
Alice wrote a letter that made his brother cry.
S
V
Clause/DO
2. How can clauses be classified according to verb complementation (ie, number
of arguments following the verb) Give an example of each type. (5 types)
The number of arguments following a verb are:
Intransitive with arguments.
The woman cried.
Transitive with a direct Object
John broke the glass
S
S
Distransitive with both Direct and Indirect Objects
V
V
I gave her a rose
S V
Copular with a subject complement
DO
DO
OC
Mike is a mechanic
S
Bogus transitive with DO and Object
V
SC
They named Peter secretary
S
V
DO
OC
3. What is the difference between embeded and subordinate clauses? Explain and
exemplify.
Embedded if it is removed, the sentence does not make sense it sounds incomplete. They are
required by the predicate introduced by that, if , wheather, for.
Typical functions?
Subordinate, can be removed, and the sentence still makes sense. Introduced with because, after,
since, etc.
I know (that) my wife is cheating on me. Embedded
I got home after a hard work day. Subordinate
Practice
1. Underline the main verb in each sentence. Isolate the dependent clause(s) in each
sentence. Classify the dependent clauses providing as many details as you can:
Embedded or subordinate?
Finite or nonfinite?
Function? (S, DO, A, etc)
Example: I never thought (that one of my children would be killed)(1)
Main verb “thought”.
(1)
Embedded clause. Finite. Introduced by the complementizer “that”. Function:
complement of “thought”. (or: “direct object”). It is an argument of the
predicate. It can´t be omitted.
a. (Although Jonathan admired his parents’ reasoning), he rejected their
ADV
S.
V
DO
manners.
Dependent clause. Subordinate. Finite. Introd by subordinator “although” .
Function?
b. (He claimed ) that he would love her even if she eloped with somebody else.
S
V
DO
Subordinate. Finite.Do. Introduced by “that”
c. (Since leaving home), Harry has phoned her mother just once.
ADV
V
S
Subordinate. Non finite Adverbial introduced by since
2. Classify the following clauses into: Transitive, Intransitive, Ditransitive, Copular, or
Bogus Ditransitive – Identify Subject, Verb, Direct Object, Indirect Object,
Complement, Adverb.
a. My mother considers him wise. Bogus Distransitive
S
V
DO
C
b. She gave the parcel to her teacher. Distransitive
S
V
DO
IO
c. Caroline bought several books on Grammar to get some further practice.
S
V
DO
A
Transitive.
d. John is a dentist. Copular intransitive
S
V
SC
e. The cat suddenly appeared at the window. Copular
S
Adv
V
A
Vanesa,
Please, read my feedback and corrections and make sure they are
clear.
Beware of language mistakes.
If any point requires explanations, please let me know.
PASS (just about)
Cecilia A. Zemborain