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Transcript
Evolution of Living Things A characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment Adaptation A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring Species The process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arise Evolution The remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geological processes Fossil A historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers of the Earth’s crust Fossil Record A genetically determined characteristic Trait The human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired characteristics Selective Breeding The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals Natural Selection The period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation Generation Time The formation of new species as a result of evolution Speciation The process in which 2 or more species evolve in response to changes in each other Coevolution The process by which humans breed organisms for specific traits Artificial Selection Structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin Analogous Structure The remnant of an organ that had a function in an earlier ancestor Vestigial structure The type of selection that occurs when individuals in a population with the intermediate phenotype is selected for? Stabilizing selection 2 species that are closely related become increasing different through what process? Divergent evolution The movement of alleles from one population to another Gene flow Features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have different functions Homologous Structure Genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area Founder Effect Isolation that occurs due to physical barriers that divide a population into 2 or more groups Geographic Book published by Charles Darwin in which he proposed a mechanism and provided evidence for his Theory of Evolution “Origin of Species” Islands that Darwin visited on his voyage on the Beagle that started him thinking about how organisms change over time Galapagos Concept that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time Descent with Modification Idea that organisms best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce Survival of the Fittest Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a specific environment fitness Unrelated organisms evolved to have similar body shapes and fins because they live in similar environments Convergent Evolution The end of a species Extinction The change in the frequency of genes Genetic Drift A group organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring Species