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Music Literature Art Religion Life THE RENAISSANCE • Renaissance means rebirth, in this case it was the rebirth of Greek and Roman ideology • The people of the renaissance wanted to feel like individuals again after being controlled by the catholic church – The renaissance was the rebirth of being individualists, similar to the Greek and Romans Reasons for the Renaissance • During the middle ages the catholic church ruled all of England, it was a very depressing time in that area of the world – The black plague killed many of the people in Europe • This was followed by the Renaissance – Time filled with the ability for people to think for themselves and embrace the knowledge that was known throughout the Greek and Roman Cultures • Become humanists Location • The middle ages paved the way for the renaissance • Began in Italy during the early 1300’s • Spread to England, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, and other countries in the late 1400’s • Ended about 1600 • Followed by the Restoration and Enlightenment period Philosophies • Attempted to recapture the spirit of Greek and Roman culture in everything that they did – Art, Literature, daily life • They believed in humanism – a philosophy that usually rejects supernaturalism and stresses an individual's dignity and worth and capacity for self-realization through reason Humanism • Large part of the Renaissance • Scholars and artists studied subjects that they believed would help them better understand the problem of humanity. • They believed that people should control their own life – classical antiquity • People are amazing, somewhat God–like – “What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in facilities, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god: the beauty of the world, the paragon of animals.” Hamlet, William Shakespeare Protestant Reformation • Religious and political movement led by Martin Luther – German monk • He believed that the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt and should be reformed – Wanted to change it to become less greedy, fairer, and accessible to everyone, not just the upper class • Bible in all languages • He created the 95 Theses – On October 31st, 1517 he posted it on door of the castle church at Wittenberg • Therefore igniting the protestant religion • To view the 95 Theses click here Elizabethan Era: the beginning Queen Mary I Queen Elizabeth • Protestant, but believed people should be able to practice Catholicism without being discriminated against • Catholic and believed that everyone had to be catholic – If they were protestant they would be burned alive, that’s how she earned the nickname, “Bloody Mary” Elizabethan Era: the beginning Protestantism Catholicism • A church should not have to very decorative and fancy • Priest were unnecessary – People can communicate with God by themselves • The bible should be translated in different languages – Everyone should be able to understand the bible, not just the rich and well educated • The church should be furnished with statues • Priest were the connection between them and God • The bible should stay in Latin and not be translated Literature • The most important idea in literature that was written during the renaissance was the importance of a conscience and the same sense of individual personality • The concepts in the works were that history could help out in the present because history repeats itself Authors of the Renaissance • William Shakespeare • John Milton – Paradise Lost • Edmond Spenser – Sheppard’s Calendar (SATIRE) • Giovanni Boccaccia • Pierre de Rosard • For more authors of the Renaissance click here William Shakespeare • Began his work in comedy plays such as • Love’s Labor Lost • Midsummer Night’s Dream • Then his work turned more serious and depressing • Hamlet • Macbeth • Renowned author of the Renaissance and of our day today Artist and their Accomplishments • Giotto – 1st artist to portray nature realistically • Brunelleschi – 1st renaissance architect to revived ancient roman architecture • Made arches, columns, other elements • Pazzi Chapel • Donatello – Portrayed the human body in sculptures • Graceful nude youth – Created 3 statues of David • biblical hero Brunelleschi Giotto Brunelleschi's dome for the Duomo of Florence, Santa Maria del Fiore One of his most famous works, The Last Supper Artists and their Accomplishments • Michelangelo – Painter, architect, poet – Painted ceiling in the Sistine chapel in the Vatican • Biblical and classical subjects • Leonardo da Vinci – Tried to discover how the body worked • Drew human skeleton and muscles – The Last Supper, Mona Lisa Inventions and Influential People • Lenses for microscopes and telescope – This helped Galileo study the heavens and come to the conclusion that the earth was not the center of the universe, but everything revolved around the sun. • Printing press – Invented by Johannes Gutenberg – Allowed every day people to have books – Before books were a very expensive because they all had to be hand written. – First book to be massed produced was the bible – Allowed music to be printed and treasured as well Influential People • Christopher Columbus – Discovered • Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Guanaja Island • Ferdinand Magellan – First man to fully circle the globe • Helped prove the earth was round – Discovered • Routes to travel all the way around the world – Opened trade routes for many countries – The westward passage (around the tip of South America) Food • Meat was not served everyday • Popolo grasso (upper class) • Jelly and pastries • Bread had a bigger portion of wheat • Popolo minuto (middle class) • Bird of some sort, sweets and desserts with spiced wine • Lower class • Rye or barley bread Music • Artists and musicians produced more their pieces with freedom and individualism • Let go of strict ways of Medieval Era • Music was preserved and printed because of the printing press • Music seemed to be smooth and secular music became common • Sacred music was used in church services • Instruments used/created – Lutes – Violin – Virginal • For an example of the music click here Sports and Daily Life • Jousting – Competition between two knights on horses – Each knight tried to knock the other off his mount – Knights had three weapons • Lance • Sword • Rondel – Usually best of three – Winner received the armor of the opponent • Made fortunes off of it Fashion • 15th Century – Began to follow German styles • Men’s fashions were elaborately trimmed • Decorated with lace and frills • Men wore broad hat sometimes with gems • Women wore voluminous gowns • Skirts heavily pleaded • Gowns supported underneath with wire or wire hoops • Puffy sleeves • Began wearing head dresses Fashion • 1450: – clothing was influenced by medieval designs • Dresses became shorter and flow • Robes became popular • Corsets extended to cone shape below the waist • Women began showing their hair again • Wore jewels and vials • Men doublet’s shortened • Wore low neck tunics The End of the Renaissance • The Renaissance was followed by the Restoration and Enlightenment period – This was a time filled with new scientific evolutions spurred by the inventions of the Renaissance – Literature was also a big part of this time period and it was able to be massed produced by the printing press of the Renaissance Sarah Stout, Lexie Howell, Jen Pero 10/19/09 Honors Brit Lit Semisch