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CHAPTER 13
Mental Health
KEY TERMS
Anorexia nervosa
Binge eating disorder
Body objectification
Bulimia nervosa
Clinical depression
Different cause theory
Differential exposure
Differential item functioning
Differential vulnerability
Emotion-focused coping
Gender intensification
Interactive theory
Learned helplessness
Pessimistic attributional style
Precipitating factors
Problem-focused coping
Psychological reactance
Relative coping
Same cause theory
© Taylor & Francis
Stress generation
Susceptibility factors
Anorexia nervosa—Eating disorder characterized by the continual pursuit of thinness, a
distorted body image, and refusal to maintain a weight that is more than 85% of what is
considered normal for the person’s age and height.
Binge eating disorder—Eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating without purging
or fasting.
Body objectification—The experience of one’s body being treated as an object to be evaluated
and used by others.
Bulimia nervosa—Eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating followed by purging
via vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, enemas, and/or exercising.
Clinical depression—Another name for major depressive disorder, the critical feature of which
is that the person must have experienced a set of depressive symptoms for a period no shorter
than two weeks.
Different cause theory—Suggestion that there are different causes of girls’ and boys’
depression and the cause of girls’ depression increases during adolescence.
Differential exposure—Idea that men and women are exposed to a different number of or kinds
of stressors.
Differential item functioning—Idea that some items are more likely to be associated with a
trait, such as depression, among men versus women.
Differential vulnerability—Idea that certain stressors are more strongly linked to distress in one
sex than the other.
© Taylor & Francis
Emotion-focused coping—Approach to stressful situations in which individuals attempt to
accommodate themselves to the stressor.
Gender intensification—Gender roles becoming salient during adolescence, causing boys and
girls to adhere more strongly to these roles.
Interactive theory—Suggestion that being female always poses a risk for depression and the
events of adolescence activate that risk.
Learned helplessness—Learning that our actions are independent of outcomes, which then leads
us to stop responding (give up) in other situations.
Pessimistic attributional style—Tendency to attribute negative events to internal, stable, and
global causes.
Precipitating factors—Environmental events that trigger the emergence of a disorder (e.g.,
depression).
Problem-focused coping—Approach to stressful situations in which we attempt to alter the
stressor itself.
Psychological reactance—Reaction to a perceived threat to control that involves doing the
opposite of what is demanded.
Relative coping—Likelihood that men or women use one coping strategy compared to another
strategy.
Same cause theory—Suggestion that the same factor could cause depression in both men and
women, but the factor increases during adolescence only for girls.
Stress generation—The idea that one’s own behavior can contribute to the stressors that occur.
Susceptibility factors—Innate, usually biological, factors that place one group (e.g., women) at
greater risk for a disorder (e.g., depression) than another group.
© Taylor & Francis