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The Romans
Kingdom, Republic, and Empire
Rome’s Location = Success
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Center of
Mediterranean Trade
Routes
Along Tiber River for
Transportation
Defensible Hills for
Protection
Fertile Farm Land
The Roman Kingdom
753 BC - 510 BC
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Founded by Romulus – The first King of
Rome
Kings were elected by the senate to serve
for life
The Senate was 100 representatives of
Rome who assisted the king
Tarquinias abused his power as King, so the
Roman people removed Kings from Rome
The Kings
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Latin name
for King was
Rex
Kings had
special
clothing
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Purple Robe
Red Shoes
White Crown
The Roman Republic
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510 BC – 27 BC
The King was
replaced by Consuls
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Elected for 1 year
terms
Always more than
1 consul
Could veto each other
Laws were made jointly by two groups:
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Senate – represented the rich & controlled government
money
Plebian Assembly – represented the poor and passed
laws
Roman Expansion
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By 268 BC Rome controlled all of Italy
Romans granted citizenship to those they
conquered
Citizenship meant:
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They played a part in Roman Government
They were protected under Roman Laws
They could be called to serve in the Army
Roman Legion
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Made up of Roman
Citizens
No Standing Army
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Conscripted by the
Republic when needed
Well Trained
Well Equipped
Valued Teamwork Over
Bravery and Heroics
Carthage
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Commercial center of
the Mediterranean
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Republic Form of
Government
The Dominant Power
at the time Rome was
expanding
Punic Wars
264 BC – 146 BC
First Punic War
264 BC – 241 BC
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Fought for Control of
Sicily
Most Battles at Sea
Rome Built 100+
Ships in 2 Months
Rome Won
Second Punic War
218 BC – 201 BC
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Hannibal attacks the
Roman Empire
Hannibal Ravages
Italy For Over 10
Years
Second Punic War Cont.
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A Roman General Named
Scipio Attacked Carthage
This Cut Hannibal's
Supply Lines Forcing Him
to Return Home
Scippio Defeated
Hannibal, and Forbade
Carthage From Ever
Forming a New Army
Third Punic War
149 BC – 146 BC
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When Carthage Raises an Army to Defend Itself,
The Romans Come Back and Destroy the City, and
Sell the Citizens in to Slavery.
Outcome of Punic Wars
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Latin Became the Primary Language of the
Mediterranean
Europe Became the Center of Commerce
Instead of Africa
Rome Became the Most Powerful Empire
in the World
End of the Republic
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Rome had many slaves from conquests
Slaves worked for the rich on large plantations
The plantations drove farmers out of business
End of the Republic cont.
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They were forced off their
farms
They lived on Welfare and
begged for help
Julius Caesar promised to
help the people
End of the Republic Cont.
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Julius manipulated the Law to become
“Dictator for Life” with the poor’s support
He was assassinated by the Senate for
gaining too much power
Roman Empire
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Caesar's nephew
Octavian avenged his
Julius
Octavian became
Emperor and changed
his name to Augustus
This ended the Republic
and began the Roman
Empire
Pax Romana
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Augustus began a 200
year period of peace and
prosperity for the Roman
Empire
It would end after the
death of Marcus Aurelius