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World History Transition Grab your folder from the crate. Have a seat LAST CHANCE “Mustard & Ketchup” Day. Grades will be closed out end of day, TODAY! Assignment #22 Assignment #23 Middle Ages Tic-Tac-Toe Special Project #2 (Mesoamerican Civilizations) I need this stuff TODAY! SSWH9 Renaissance 1 Quiz/Exam Practice “Renaissance” means a) digression b) rebirth c) history d) diversion SSWH9 Renaissance 2 Quiz/Exam Practice ________________ is the city most closely associated with the Renaissance. a) Rome b) Cairo c) Berlin d) Florence SSWH9 Renaissance 3 Quiz/Exam Practice ______________ could be said to be the father of “humanism.” a) Jesus b) Petrarch c) Michelangelo d) Leonardo da Vinci SSWH9 Renaissance 4 Quiz/Exam Practice ______________ could be said to be the father of “humanism.” a) Jesus b) Petrarch c) Michelangelo d) Leonardo da Vinci SSWH9 Renaissance 5 Quiz/Exam Practice English author Geoffrey Chaucer chose to write his Canterbury Tales in English, rather than Latin. This is an example of an author writing in the a) prose b) vernacular c) past perfect tense d) Gospels SSWH9 Renaissance 6 Quiz/Exam Practice Which of the following can be evidenced from Renaissance art we have seen, and as based on classical Greek art? a) order b) balance c) proportion d) all of the above SSWH9 Renaissance 7 Quiz/Exam Practice Which of the following is/are best included in the concept of “humanism.” a) attention was not focused on matters of getting into Heaven b) life and pleasures were worthwhile for their own sake c) rediscovery of ancient Greco-Roman civilization d) all of the above SSWH9 Renaissance 8 Applicable Georgia Standard SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance… a. Explain the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the rise of Florence and the ideas of Machiavelli. b. Identify artistic and scientific achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, the “Renaissance man,” and Michelangelo. c. Explain the main characteristics of humanism; include the ideas of Petrarch, Dante, and Erasmus. SSWH9 Renaissance 9 The Renaissance The Beginning of “Modern” History c.1300 – c. 1600 SSWH9 Renaissance 10 “Renaissance” Means “Rebirth” or “Revival” •. C. 1300-1600 Period marked revival of art, literature, and learning Transition between medieval and modern western Europe SSWH9 Renaissance 11 Features of the Renaissance Rediscovery of ancient “pagan” Greco-Roman civilization Neglected during Middle Ages Emphasized reason, questioning attitude, experimentation, and free inquiry Middle Age emphasis on faith, authority, and tradition Glorified individual and worldly pleasures Life worthwhile for its own sake Life not merely preparation for hereafter Focused attention of worldly secular matters Decreased emphasis on Roman Catholic Church and religious affairs Great achievements in art, literature, and science SSWH9 Renaissance 12 The Renaissance Started in “Italy” Center of Greco-Roman culture Buildings, roads, manuscripts, curiosity about classical civilization In Mediterranean; absorbed ideas from Byzantine and Islamic worlds Benefited from revival of trades resulting from Crusades Wealthy people became patrons of literature, art, and science Certain popes in Rome; merchants in Venice Sforza family in Milan Medici family in Florence; very powerful SSWH9 Renaissance 13 Florence Became the Preeminent Renaissance City Economic recovery from tumultuous 14th century; banking center, center of commerce/real estate Major center of trade, banking, cloth production, and the arts SSWH9 Renaissance 14 The Birthplace of the Renaissance The city-states of Northern Italy Florence was the center of the Renaissance Italy was politically fragmented and the city-states often fought for power and control City-states came to be ruled by wealthy and powerful business people (not necessarily nobility) Signori- (despots) and oligarchies (group of individuals) maintained order SSWH9 Renaissance 15 The Medici Family of Florence The most powerful family of the Italian Renaissance Came to power through business dealings and banking Bank of the Vatican and the papacy Spent tremendous amounts of money supporting the arts and cultural development (patrons) Medici power often involved corruption and intrigue SSWH9 Renaissance 16 SSWH9 Renaissance 17 Prince Machiavelli and Political Thought •Ideas about how to gain and keep power, regardless of “right” or “wrong” •Machiavelli’s ideas came from understanding of human nature People are self-centered, greedy, fickle, liars, and deceivers •Abandoned morality as basis for analyzing political behavior SSWH9 Renaissance 18 SSWH9 Renaissance 19 Renaissance Society was Stratified •Clergy – “First Estate” •Nobility - “Second Estate” Dominated society (yet, only 2-3% of population) High expectations placed on this class (learning and culture, military service) •Peasants and townspeople (“Third Estate”) – 85-90% of population •Family bonds important in dangerous urban society •Clergy – formed “First Estate” SSWH9 Renaissance 20 The Renaissance Spreads By 15th century, Renaissance had spread to France, the German states, Holland, and England Cultural diffusion resulted from religious, military, and commercial contacts SSWH9 Renaissance 21 Humanism Illustrates Renaissance Spirit Movement Began in 14th Century Italy Petrarch first to characterize Middle Ages as “period of darkness” Not concerned with religious matters Inspired by classical civilization Greek and Roman manuscripts This realm of study called “humanities”; philosophy, poetry, rhetoric, ethics, history Humanists believed strongly in education as means of individual self-improvement Revived interest in writing and literature (among educated SSWH9 Renaissance people) 22 Desiderius Erasmus – Scholar and Theologian SSWH9 Renaissance The Praise of Folly Criticism of the abuses and worldliness of the Church and papacy 23 Renaissance Art A reflection of Renaissance ideals and values Emphasis on the classical style and classical themes Humanistic - with an emphasis on the individual Religious art remained very important SSWH9 Renaissance 24 Vernacular Replaces Latin as the “Language of the Learned” Latin had been language of church in Middle Ages Other languages had slowly evolved French, Italian, Spanish, German, English By end of Middle Ages, some writers began to write in vernacular more and more Some discarded Latin altogether Dante (Inferno); Chaucer (Canterbury Tales) SSWH9 Renaissance 25 Invention of Printing Encourages Literature Johannes Gutenberg Invented movable type circa 1450; books/Bibles no longer copied by hand Books could now be reproduced less expensively SSWH9 Renaissance 26 Characteristics of Renaissance Art Renaissance art more “true to life”; emphasized realism and attention-to-detail Basis in Greek “classical art” Order, balance, proportion Less “cartoony” Frescoes (paintings done on wet plaster) Perspective Applied to sculpture and painting SSWH9 Renaissance 27 The School of Athens by Raphael SSWH9 Renaissance 28 Individualism –Portraits -Portraits celebrated the unique qualities and personality of the individual person (E.g. “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo da Vinci) SSWH9 Renaissance 29 Religion remained a major focus of Renaissance art “Sistine Chapel” by Michelangelo SSWH9 Renaissance 30 Michelangelo’s Pieta SSWH9 Renaissance 31 The Renaissance was a “Scientific Revolution” A new worldview was emerging. The medieval Christian worldview was giving way to a more MODERN (secular and humanistic) view of the world and humanity. SSWH9 Renaissance 32 Renaissance Still Important, Today Built upon scientific writings of Greeks and Romans Scientific method of observation and experimentation; challenged medieval/religious superstitions Uncovered much knowledge about the physical world Earth not center of the universe (cosmos) Human endeavor very small Ideas not popular at first Challenged religion and superstition Increased people’s ability to improve health and control environment Established foundation for later scientific progress SSWH9 Renaissance 33 Renaissance Mathematics Rediscovery of ancient mathematicians and influence of Plato Seen as key to maritime navigation, military science, and geography SSWH9 Renaissance 34 The Scientific Method Attention given to establishing proper means to examine and understand the physical realm Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Proposed a new scientific method of inductive principles Scientists should cast aside assumptions Should proceed from the particular to the general Much strife between church (Catholic and Protestant) and scientific community Issues surrounding nature of man and understanding the physical universe SSWH9 Renaissance 35 Leonardo da Vinci Italian painter, sculptor, inventor, architect Very much a “Renaissance Man” – very prolific individual; much ahead of his time with ideas SSWH9 Renaissance 36 Copernicus Polish astronomer who concluded: The sun is the center of our solar system Earth is merely one of several planets orbiting the sun Ideas considered heretical by the Roman Catholic Church SSWH9 Renaissance 37 Galileo Italian astronomer and physicist Propounded the law of falling bodies and greatly improved the telescope His observations confirmed the theories of Copernicus Persecuted and tried by the Roman Catholic Church for his scientific work SSWH9 Renaissance 38 Kepler German astronomer who determined planets follow elliptical, rather than circular paths around the sun Ideas help explain the paths followed by manmade satellites today SSWH9 Renaissance 39 Descartes French mathematician and philosopher; considered founder of analytic geometry SSWH9 Renaissance 40 Sir Isaac Newton English mathematician and physicist Invented calculus and formulated the laws of motion and the law of gravitation SSWH9 Renaissance 41