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Unit 4 : SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM Language Focus Choose the word which has different stress pattern from the rest. 1. A . happy B. reading C. money D agree D. 2. A A. listen B. repeat C. confide D. refuse I. Pronunciation : Stress in three - syllable words Listen and repeat these words, then underline the stress pattern of these words: 1. happy 2. happiness 3. unhappy 4. happily 1. Stress on penultimate syllable - Words ending in - ic ( electric , scientific) - Words ending in -sion -tion, -ian ( calculation, Italian, education) 2. Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end) -Words ending in - al ( natural , industrial) - Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy ( chemistry, primary, beautify) Ientify the stress pattern in these words : investigation biology economic flexibility underpayment Canadian *Look at these words, listen and repeat: algebra carefully politics chemistry academic primary computing cinema compulsory physical statistics September *Practise reading these sentences. 1. The academic school year generally commences in September. 2. The typical school day normally finishes at 3.00 p.m. in England. 3. The national curriculum is usually set by the government. 4. The GCSE stands for the General Certificate of Secondary Education. 5. English, Maths and Science are compulsory in the national examination at certain stages of school education system. GRAMMAR Passive Voice Structure of the sentence Subject: Person or object that suffered/enjoyed the results of an action. The verb "to be" in the tense the action ocurred. The Past Participle of the verb that represents the action itself. Whatever complements that verb needs. In a few special cases we can also use by + the agent. Structure of the verb TENSES EXAMPLES Present Simple Pigs are often used to find truffles Present Continuous My house is being redecorated at the moment Present Perfect I have never been given flowers on my birthday Past Simple This picture was painted by Picasso Past Continuous When I saw him he was being followed by the police Past Perfect She was angry because she had already been told three times Future Simple When you get there everything will be finished Going to - Future They are not going to be easily convinced Conditional Simple You would be punished if they found out Conditional Perfect If you hadn’t told them would I have been invited? THE PASSIVE VERB to BE (in the active tense) + Past Participle (main verb) to BE gives us the tense of the action the principal verb is always in Past Participle ACTIVE She wants an ice-cream An ice-cream sent a letter A letter He We will buy They PASSIVE a new car next week have been cutting grass the A new car The grass is wanted was sent will be bought has been being cut The passive sentence Robert ACTIVE VOICE gave Active Subject Active Verb Passive Subject Passive Verb a coin Direct Object by PASSIVE VOICE was given by Agent The passive sentence Robert ACTIVE VOICE gave a coin Active Subject Active Verb Direct Object Passive Subject Passive Verb Direct Object PASSIVE VOICE was given to Tom Indirect Object by by Agent Examples 1/They built this house in 1466 2/ This house was built in 1466 1/ Channel islanders speak French & English 2/ French & English is spoken by Channel islanders 1/ This book will change your life 2/ Your life will be changed by this book More examples 1/ They can’t answer your question 2/ Your question can’t be answered 1/ Someone had to take her to hospital after this 2/ She had to be taken to hospital after the crash 1/ They shouldn’t allow the children to do these things 2/ The children shouldn’t be allowed to do these things 1/ Someone must tell him if we want him to know 2/ He must be told if we want him to know * Matching: A 1. Simple present a, B S +am/ is/are + pp 2. Simple past 3. Simple future 4. Present continuous 5. Past continuous b, c, d, S + can/may/must + be + pp S + had been + pp S + was/were + pp 6. Present perfect 7. Past perfect 8. Modal verbs 9. Near future f, S +am /is / are + going to be + pp g, S + will be + pp i, S+ was/were + being + pp k, S + am / is /are + being + pp e, S + has / have + been + pp * How to change the active into the passive voice Active: Passive : S Ex, S + V + O + (be) pp + by + O I clean the living room everyday. -> The living room is cleanedby me everyday * Practice: 1.Circle the word or the phrase that must be changed: Was this room repainted by he ? A B C D D 2.Choose the best option to complete this sentence: My classroom . . . . . . everyday A. is cleans B. cleans C. C is cleaned D. was cleaned 3.Choose the sentence which has the same meaning to the root one. Shakespeare wrote this play in 1605. A. This play was wrote by Shakespeare in1605. B. This play is written by Shakespeare in 1605. C. This play were written by Shakespeare in 1605 D. This play was written by Shakespeare in 1605. D Exercise 1. Fill each blank with the simple present pas form of the verb in brackets 1. The academic year in England ......................... is dividedin three terms. ( divide ) 2. Each term is …... …..........by a one- week break. ( separate ) separated 3. The national curriculum........... ….. by the government is set and must .............................in all state schools. ( set, must follow ) be followed is made 4.The national curriculum ................... of more than ten subjects. (make up ) is paid 5. The state school system ..................... for by the state. (pay ) are selected 6. The advanced students ............................. to take part in the annual International Olympic Competition. ( select ) Game: Lucky star 2 5 4 6 3 Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice Example: They built this school in 1997. -> This school was built in 1997. 1 The students in my class are going to organize a surprise party tomorrow evening. A surprise party is going to be organized by the students ................................................................................................... in my class tomorrow evening. ....................................... 2 They are painting the kitchen now. The kitchen is being painted now. ........................................................................................ 3 Shakespeare wrote “ Romeo and Juliet” in 1605 . “Romeo and Juliet” was written by Shakespeare in 1605. ......................................................................................... 4 They will speak English at the conference. English will be spoken at the conference. ....................................................................................... 5 Jane hasn’t cleaned the floor yet. The floor hasn’t been cleaned by Jane yet. ..................................................................................... Exercise 3. Fill in the space of the following passage with the correct tense in passive voice of the verbs in brackets. The world’s first electric computer . . was . . . built . . . .(1.build) by the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. However, computers …were … …sold ..... . . (2. sell) commercially for the first time in the 1950s. Much progress on computers have . . . . been . . . . made . . . . (3. make) since 1950. Computers are now much smaller and more powerful and they .can . . be . . .bought .…… (4. can buy) much more cheaply. are .used Computers …. . . . (5.use) in many fields- in business, science, medicine, and education, for example. They can . . . be . . used . . . (6 can use) to forecast the weather or to control robots which make cars. The computer’s memory is the place where information . is . .stored . . . . . (7. store) are .done and calculations ….. . . . (8. do). A computer can not think for itselfit must . . . . . be . . told . . (9. must tell) exactly what to do. A lot of difficult calculations can . . .be . . .done . . . (10. can do) very quickly on computers. - Review the passive voice. - Prepare vocabublary for Unit 5. Goodbye !