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Chapter 9 Outline
Mental and Emotional Problems
Lesson 1: Mental Disorders
I.
Mental Disorder- an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings,
and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy,
healthful, and productive life.
a. Each year about 20% of the U.S. population—54 million people—are
affected by some form of mental disorder.
b. Of the 20% of children and adolescents who suffer from mental health
problems, only one-third receive the help they need.
c. Stigma- a negative label or a mark of shame.
II.
Types of Mental Disorders
a. Organic Disorders- caused by a physical illness or injury that affects the
brain.
i. Brain Tumors
ii. Infections (Syphilis)
iii. Chemical imbalances
iv. Exposure to drugs and toxins
v. Injuries resulting in brain damage
b. Functional Disorders- have psychological causes and do not involve brain
damage.
i. Heredity
ii. Stress
iii. Emotional conflict
iv. Fear
v. Ineffective coping skills
vi. Past experiences
c. Anxiety Disorder- a condition in which real or imagined fears are
difficult to control. About 4 million Americans suffer from anxiety
disorders.
i. Phobia- a strong, irrational fear of something specific, such as
high places or dogs. People with phobias do everything they can
to avoid the object of their fear.
ii. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder- Unreasonable need to think or
act in a certain way. A person with OCD is trapped in a pattern of
repeated thoughts or behaviors.
a. Washing hands constantly throughout the day.
b. Avoiding cracks in the sidewalk.
iii. Panic Disorder- characterized by sudden, unexplained feelings of
terror. Fear and anxiety get in the way of a person’s ability to
function and enjoy life.
A. Trembling
B. A pounding heart
C. Shortness of breath
D. Dizziness
iv. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder- condition that may develop
after exposure to a terrifying event that threatened or caused
physical harm.
A. Possible causes
a. Personal assault, such as rape
b. Natural or human-made disasters, such as
earthquakes or bombings.
c. Accidents, such as plane crashes
d. Military combat
B. Symptoms
a. Flashbacks (Sudden recall of terrifying event)
b. Nightmares
c. Emotional numbness
d. Sleeplessness
e. Guilt
f. Problems with concentration
d. Mood Disorder- an illness, often with an organic cause, that involves
mood extremes that interfere with everyday living. Emotional mood
swings are intense in both intensity and duration.
i. Clinical Depression- Persistent feelings of hopelessness, sadness,
and despair that affect a person’s ability to concentrate, sleep,
perform at school or work, or handle everyday decisions and
challenges. Clinical depression results from a chemical imbalance
that a person cannot overcome without professional help.
ii. Bipolar Disorder- (manic-depressive disorder) marked by extreme
mood changes, energy levels, and behavior.
A. Manic Symptoms
a. Extreme changes in mood
i. Excessively happy or silly, or
ii. Very irritable, angry agitated, or aggressive
b. Grandiosity
i. Unrealistic high self-esteem
ii. Feeling all-powerful
c. Very high energy level—including the ability to go
with little or no sleep for days without feeling tired.
d. Pressured speech
i. Talks too much
ii. Talks too fast
iii. Changes topics quickly
iv. Does not allow interruption
e. Distractibility—attention moves constantly from
one thing to another.
f. Repeated high-risk behavior
i. Alcohol
ii. Drug use
iii. Reckless driving
iv. Sexual activity
B. Depressive Symptoms
a. Irritability, persistent sadness, frequent crying
b. Preoccupation with death or suicide
c. Loss of enjoyment in favorite activities
d. Frequent complaints such as headaches or
stomachaches.
e. Low Energy level, fatigue, poor concentration,
boredom
f. Dramatic change in eating or sleeping patterns, such
as overeating or oversleeping
e. Eating Disorders- caused by psychological pressures, possible genetic
factors, and an obsession to body image and thinness.
i. Anorexia Nervosa- a disorder in which the irrational fear of
becoming obese results in severe weight loss from self-imposed
starvation.
A. Extremely low caloric intake
B. Obsession with exercising
C. Emotional problems
D. An unnatural interest in food
E. A distorted body image
F. Denial of an eating problem
ii. Bulimia Nervosa- a disorder in which some of purging or clearing
of the digestive tract follows cycles of overeating. Frequent
vomiting and diarrhea can lead to:
A. Destruction of tooth enamel
B. Damaging of the tissue of the stomach, esophagus, and
mouth.
C. Disrupted digestion and absorption of nutrients—nutrient
deficiency.
f. Conduct Disorder- a pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or
basic social rules are violated.
i. More common in males than females.
ii. May project an image of toughness, but usually have low selfesteem.
iii. May have symptoms of other disorders, i.e. anxiety and
depression.
iv. Without treatment, many teens may be unable to adapt to the
demands of adulthood.
g. Schizophrenia- severe mental disorder in which a person loses contact
with reality.
i. Symptoms
A. Delusions
B. Hallucinations
C. Thought disorders
D. Paranoia
E. Difficulty understanding the difference between real and
imaginary events.
F. Unpredictable behavior
G. Difficulty functioning
H. Lack of good health habits.
ii. Causes: May be a combination of genetic factors and chemical
and structural changes in the brain.
iii. Statistics
A. Affects about 1% of the population
B. Usually appears between the ages of 15 and 35
h. Personality Disorders (Affects about 10% of the population)
i. Antisocial Personality Disorder- Constant conflict with society.
A. Irritable
B. Aggressive
C. Impulsive
D. Violent
ii. Borderline Personality Disorder- People with this disorder
frequently experience a series of troubled relationships.
A. Engage in high-risk activities.
B. Poor Self-esteem
C. Although they fear abandonment, they frequently lash out
violently at the people they need most.
iii. Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder- People with this disorder
are often uncooperative. They resent being told what to do, yet they rely
on others’ direction. Angry over issues of control, they show their anger,
but only indirectly.