Download Chapter 10 and 11 Study Guide

Chapter 10 and 11 Study Guide
1. What new method of nominating candidates expanded democracy in the 1820s
and allowed more people to become active in politics? Nominating conventions
2. How were voting rights expanded in the early 1800s? Maryland passed a state
constitutional amendment that removed religious qualifications for voters, new
western states allowed white men to vote regardless of property, religion, or other
standards, and voters, rather than stat legislators began to nominate their own
electors to the Electoral College.
3. Although voting rights expanded in the early 1820s, what two groups were left
out? African Americans and Women
4. What presidential candidate benefited from the expansion of voting right? Andrew
Jackson because he was a man of the people.
5. Andrew Jackson implemented the spoils system in his presidency. What was the
spoils system? Jackson rewarded supporters with government jobs.
6. Because northerners had trouble competing with British manufacturers they
supported what? Higher tariffs on foreign goods.
7. What was the Tariff of Abominations? The Tariff of Abominations was a high tax
on wool goods that southerners strongly opposed because it made it nearly
impossible for British manufacturers to sell their goods in the U.S.
8. How would the Tariff of Abominations affect relations between the North and
South? It created a rift between the North and the South because they so
drastically disagreed over the tariff.
9. What was the Nullification Crisis? The Nullification Crisis took place when
legislators in South Carolina passed the Nullification Act, which made the Tariff
of Abomination null and void in the borders of South Carolina. They asserted that
states should have more rights than the federal government. Andrew Jackson
threatened to send troops to South Carolina to enforce the law, and then South
Carolina threatened to secede.
10. How would the Nullification Crisis be resolved? The Crisis would be resolved
when Henry Clay proposed a compromise that would lower the tariff rate
gradually over several years.
11. Explain the details of Jackson’s bank war. In a political move in 1832, Henry
Clay tried to push a piece of legislation through Congress that would renew the
charter for the Bank of the United States even though it was not meant to run out
until 1836. Andrew Jackson vetoed the bill and then set out to destroy the bank by
draining funds out of the National Bank and distributing that money to state
banks.
12. After the Bank of the United States was destroyed by Jackson, what happened to
the economy of the U.S.? Inflation rose following the collapse of the bank and
this would lead to the Panic of 1837 where the U.S. would enter an economic
depression.
13. What did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and
the South Carolina Exposition and Protest have in common? They all promoted
the idea of states’ rights.
14. How was Andrew Jackson’s stance on federal power inconsistent? He argued to
U.S. troops to enforce tariff collection which expanded the power of government,
but he argued against establishing a national bank which limited the power of the
federal government.
15. What was the Bureau of Indian Affairs? It was the government agency that was in
charge of overseeing the removal of Indians off their lands.
16. Where was Indian Territory established under the Indian Removal Act?
Oklahoma
17. What was the ruling in Worcester v. Georgia?
18. What would the involuntary 800-mile march that the Cherokee had to make when
they were forced out of their homes in Georgia be called? The Trail of Tears
19. Who led the Seminoles in the Second Seminole War? Chief Osceola
20. Who was Chief Black Hawk? He led the Fox and Sauk Indian tribes in resistance
against removal from their lands in Northern Illinois.
21. Why was Astoria significant to the Pacific Northwest? It was the first major furtrading post established by John Jacob Astor, It was a symbol of the drive to
explore the American West, and it was one of the earliest settlements in what
would become Oregon Country.
22. What challenges did the people on the Oregon Trail face? It ran over 2,000 miles
and took 6 months to travel, there were food shortages, many people died
23. How long was the Oregon Trail? How long did it take to complete the journey?
2,000 miles; 6 months
24. What did Mormons hope to find in the West? Religious freedom and a place to
escape religious persecution.
25. Which practice caused Mormons to be persecuted in the 1850s? Polygamy
26. Who founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints? Who led the
church and helped the population of Utah reach 40,000 by 1860? Joseph Smith
founded the church; Brigham Young founded the settlement in Utah.
27. Who was Stephen F. Austin? He was an empresario, an agent who was allowed
to found a colony in Texas. His colony would thrive and he would eventually
become the first Secretary of State in the Texas Republic.
28. Explain the details of the Alamo, Goliad, and San Jacinto. Know the people
involved in these events. At the Alamo, 200 Texas defenders after a 13 day siege
by the Mexican Army. It became a rallying cry for the rest of the Texas
Revolution. At Goliad, Santa Anna killed 300 men who had surrendered to the
Mexican Army. This lead to a lot of anger among Texans. At the Battle of San
Jacinto, the Texans under Sam Houston crushed Santa Anna’s forces and forced
Santa Anna to sign a treaty that gave Texas its independence.
29. Why did Andrew Jackson refuse to annex Texas? He did not want to upset the
balance between slave states and Free states.
30. How did slavery and “Manifest Destiny” become linked? Democrats wanted to
achieve Manifest Destiny and continue with the territorial expansion of North
America. Northerners were anti-expansion because they did not want to see the
institution of slavery spread to these new lands.
31. What did “Fifty-four forty or fight!” mean? This was an expression used by
expansionists who wanted the northern border of the United States extended to
encompass the Oregon Territory. They were willing to go to war with Great
Britain to achieve this.
32. Why did some people support Polk’s interest in annexing Oregon? Merchants
would benefit from a Pacific port for trade with China.
33. What was Mexico’s reaction to the United States’ annexation of Texas? Mexicans
were angered and they ordered all Americans to leave California.
34. What was the Bear Flag Revolt? It was a rebellion of Americans living in
Mexican controlled California. They seized the town of Sonoma and declared
independence. They would successfully revolt with the help of American military
aide including John C. Fremont.
35. What were the details of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? Formally ended the
war with Mexico setting the border with Mexico at the Rio Grande River. Also,
the United States received California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah and
parts of Colorado and Wyoming. It increased the size of the United States by
25%.
36. How did the Gadsden Purchase benefit the U.S.? The United States acquired
southern parts of New Mexico and Arizona in order to build the southern route of
a Transcontinental Railroad.
37. Who were the forty-niners? They were gold seekers who arrived in California in
1849 in the midst of the California Gold Rush.
38. What effect would the Gold Rush have on California and the United States?
California would come eligible for statehood because of the population boom,
especially the city of San Francisco which grew to more than 25,000 people.
Immigrants and Americans flocked to California to get rich quick and stayed to
build a stable frontier society.
39. As the population of California grew during the Gold Rush and people stayed to
build a stable frontier society, what did they become eligible for? California
became eligible for statehood in 1850.