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Age of "Common Man"
Andrew Jackson
Bank Crisis
Battle of New Orleans
Compromise Tariff
This concept held that a political leader who worked his way up to
the top from the bottom was desirable. Andrew Jackson was the
model common man. He had been orphaned and fought in the
Revolutionary War at age thirteen. In the War of 1812, he became a
hero and launched his political career soon after. He was like the
rest of the country, and was liked for that fact. The common man
began to take over during the Jacksonian Democracy thanks
mostly to "universal white manhood suffrage."
The seventh President of the United States (18291837), who was a general in the War of 1812 and
defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). Leading
member of the Democratic party and it's creation. As
president he opposed the Bank of America, was
responsible for the Trail of Tears, objected to the
right of individual states to nullify disagreeable
federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.
Jackson opposed the 2nd National Bank, saying it drove
other banks out of business and favored the rich, but
Henry Clay favored it. Nicholas Biddle became the bank's
president. He made the bank's loan policy stricter and
testified that, although the bank had enormous power, it
didn't destroy small banks. The bank went out of business
in 1836 amid controversy over whether the National Bank
was constitutional and should be rechartered.
A battle during the War of 1812 where the
British army attempted to take New Orleans
after the Treaty of Ghent was signed ending
the war. Due to the foolish frontal attack,
Jackson defeated them, which gave him an
enormous popularity boost.
It was a new tariff proposed by Henry Clay
and John C. Calhoun that gradually
lowered the tariff to the level of the tariff
of 1816 This compromise avoided civil war
by ending the Nullification Crisis and
prolonged the union for another 30 years.
Daniel Webster
Depression
Doctrine of Nullification
Force Bill
Gibbons v. Ogden
A great American orator. He gave several
important speeches, first as a lawyer, then as
a Congressman. He was a major
representative of the North in pre-Civil War
Senate debates, just as Sen. John C. Calhoun
was the representative of the South in that
time.
An economic phase marked by
a prolonged period of high
unemployment, weak consumer
sales, and business failures.
Idea that a state had the right
to nullify, or reject, a federal
law that it considers
unconstitutional; proposed by
John C. Calhoun.
The Force Bill authorized President Jackson
to use the military to collect duties on the
Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. South Carolina's
ordinance of nullification had declared these
tariffs null and void, and South Carolina
would not collect duties on them.
In 1824, the Supreme Court upheld the power of the
federal government to regulate commerce, or trade. The
court struck down a New York law that tried to control
steamboat travel between New York and New Jersey. The
Court ruled that a state could only regulate trade within
its own borders. Only the federal government had the
power to regulate Interstate Commerce, or trade between
different states.
Henry Clay
Indian Removal Act
Indian Territory
Inflation
Jacksonian Democracy
Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for
president five times until his death in 1852. He was
a strong supporter of the American System, a war
hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of
Representatives, and known as "The Great
Compromiser." Outlined the Missouri Compromise
and the Compromise of 1850 with five main points.
(1830) Signed by President Andrew
Jackson, the law permitted the
negotiation of treaties to obtain the
Indians' lands in exchange for their
relocation to what would become
Oklahoma.
An area to which Native
Americans were moved
covering what is now
Oklahoma and parts of Kansas
and Nebraska
A continuous rise in the price
of goods and services
A policy of spreading more political power to
more people. It was a "Common Man"
theme., this term describes the spirit of the
age led by Andrew Jackson. During this
period, more offices became elective, voter
restrictions were reduced or eliminated, and
popular participation in politics increased
John C. Calhoun
John Quincy Adams
John Tyler
Martin Van Buren
McCulloch v. Maryland
7th Vice President of the United States
and a leading Southern politician from
South Carolina during the first half of the
19th century; was an advocate of slavery,
states' rights, limited government, and
nullification
In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty
in which Spain gave the United States
Florida in exchange for the United States
dropping its claims to Texas. He became our
6th president in what became known as the
"Corrupt Bargain" to defeat Andrew Jackson
Member of the Whig party,
elected Vice President and
became the 10th President of
the United States when
Harrison died
Friend of Andrew Jackson. Became 8th
president in 1836. In the Panic of 1837,
he put $37 million to the states but it
didn't help. He spent his 4 years with
bank failures, bankruptcies and massive
unemployment.
Maryland was trying to tax the
national bank and Supreme
Court ruled that federal law
was stronger than the state law
Missouri Compromise
Nullification Crisis
Panic of 1837
Protective Tariffs
Resettlement
Proposed by Henry Clay over the issue of
slavery in Missouri. It was decided
Missouri entered as a slave state and
Maine entered as a free state and all
states North of the 36th parallel were free
states and all South were slave states.
1832-33 was over the tariff policy of the
Fed. Gov't, during Jackson's presidency
which prompted South Carolina to
threaten the use of NULLIFICATION,
possible secession and Andrew Jackson's
determination to end with military force.
When Jackson was president, many state banks received
government money that had been withdrawn from the
Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and
financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands.
Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment
for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks
collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the
U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt,
and there was widespread unemployment and distress.
Taxes on products imported from other
nations. Benefited the North because it
allowed businesses to compete. The
South did not like this because it was
taxed on the goods it was buying.
The settling of persons in a
new country or place.
Secession
Second Great Awakening
Spoils System
Tariff of Abominations
Trail of Tears
Formal withdrawal of states or
regions from a nation
A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based
on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious
philosophy of salvation through good deeds and
tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals
attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. It
also had an effect on moral movements such as
prison reform, the temperance movement, and
moral reasoning against slavery.
Started by Andrew Jackson, system in
which incoming political parties throw
out former government workers and
replace them with their own friends; "To
the victor goes the spoils"
1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the
tariff on imported manufactured goods. The
tariff protected the North but harmed the
South; South said that the tariff was
economically discriminatory and
unconstitutional because it violated state's
rights.
The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave
their lands. They traveled from North
Carolina and Georgia, more than 800 miles
to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma. More
than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease,
and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
Webster-Hayne Debate
Whig Party
William Henry Harrison
Worcester v. Georgia
Famous debate during Jackson's Presidency,
Daniel Webster called for national unity
"Union now and forever inseparable." Robert
Hayne (South Carolina) called for states
rights and nullification, Debate over state's
rights vs. national power
An American political party formed in the
1830s to oppose President Andrew
Jackson and the Democrats, stood for
protective tariffs, national banking, and
federal aid for internal improvements
(1841), was an American military leader,
politician, the 9th President of the United States,
and the first President to die in office. His death
created a brief Constitutional crisis, but ultimately
resolved many questions about presidential
succession left unanswered by the Constitution
until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US
forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
Supreme Court case in which it ruled that
the Cherokee tribe was its own nation
(inside Georgia) and deserved protection
from harassment. Andrew Jackson said
whatever, meet my friend the trail of
tears.